本節(jié)課是新版教材人教A版普通高中課程標準實驗教科書數(shù)學必修1第四章第4.4.2節(jié)《對數(shù)函數(shù)的圖像和性質(zhì)》 是高中數(shù)學在指數(shù)函數(shù)之后的重要初等函數(shù)之一。對數(shù)函數(shù)與指數(shù)函數(shù)聯(lián)系密切,無論是研究的思想方法方法還是圖像及性質(zhì),都有其共通之處。相較于指數(shù)函數(shù),對數(shù)函數(shù)的圖象亦有其獨特的美感。在類比推理的過程中,感受圖像的變化,認識變化的規(guī)律,這是提高學生直觀想象能力的一個重要的過程。為之后學習數(shù)學提供了更多角度的分析方法。培養(yǎng)和發(fā)展學生邏輯推理、數(shù)學直觀、數(shù)學抽象、和數(shù)學建模的核心素養(yǎng)。1、掌握對數(shù)函數(shù)的圖像和性質(zhì);能利用對數(shù)函數(shù)的圖像與性質(zhì)來解決簡單問題;2、經(jīng)過探究對數(shù)函數(shù)的圖像和性質(zhì),對數(shù)函數(shù)與指數(shù)函數(shù)圖像之間的聯(lián)系,對數(shù)函數(shù)內(nèi)部的的聯(lián)系。培養(yǎng)學生觀察問題、分析問題和歸納問題的思維能力以及數(shù)學交流能力;滲透類比等基本數(shù)學思想方法。
課本從引進函數(shù)概念開始就比較注重函數(shù)的不同表示方法:解析法,圖象法,列表法.函數(shù)的不同表示方法能豐富對函數(shù)的認識,幫助理解抽象的函數(shù)概念.特別是在信息技術環(huán)境下,可以使函數(shù)在形與數(shù)兩方面的結合得到更充分的表現(xiàn),使學生通過函數(shù)的學習更好地體會數(shù)形結合這種重要的數(shù)學思想方法.因此,在研究函數(shù)時,要充分發(fā)揮圖象的直觀作用.在研究圖象時,又要注意代數(shù)刻畫以求思考和表述的精確性.課本將映射作為函數(shù)的一種推廣,這與傳統(tǒng)的處理方式有了邏輯順序上的變化.這樣處理,主要是想較好地銜接初中的學習,讓學生將更多的精力集中理解函數(shù)的概念,同時,也體現(xiàn)了從特殊到一般的思維過程.課程目標1、明確函數(shù)的三種表示方法;2、在實際情境中,會根據(jù)不同的需要選擇恰當?shù)姆椒ū硎竞瘮?shù);3、通過具體實例,了解簡單的分段函數(shù),并能簡單應用.
本節(jié)課是新版教材人教A版普通高中課程標準實驗教科書數(shù)學必修1第四章第4.5.1節(jié)《函數(shù)零點與方程的解》,由于學生已經(jīng)學過一元二次方程與二次函數(shù)的關系,本節(jié)課的內(nèi)容就是在此基礎上的推廣。從而建立一般的函數(shù)的零點概念,進一步理解零點判定定理及其應用。培養(yǎng)和發(fā)展學生數(shù)學直觀、數(shù)學抽象、邏輯推理和數(shù)學建模的核心素養(yǎng)。1、了解函數(shù)(結合二次函數(shù))零點的概念;2、理 解函數(shù)零點與方程的根以及函數(shù)圖象與x軸交點的關系,掌握零點存在性定理的運用;3、在認識函數(shù)零點的過程中,使學生學會認識事物的特殊性與一般性之間的關系,培養(yǎng)數(shù)學數(shù)形結合及函數(shù)思想; a.數(shù)學抽象:函數(shù)零點的概念;b.邏輯推理:零點判定定理;c.數(shù)學運算:運用零點判定定理確定零點范圍;d.直觀想象:運用圖形判定零點;e.數(shù)學建模:運用函數(shù)的觀點方程的根;
它位于三角函數(shù)與數(shù)學變換的結合點上,能較好反應三角函數(shù)及變換之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系和相互轉(zhuǎn)換,本節(jié)課內(nèi)容的地位體現(xiàn)在它的基礎性上。作用體現(xiàn)在它的工具性上。前面學生已經(jīng)掌握了兩角和與差的正弦、余弦、正切公式以及二倍角公式,并能通過這些公式進行求值、化簡、證明,雖然學生已經(jīng)具備了一定的推理、運算能力,但在數(shù)學的應用意識與應用能力方面尚需進一步培養(yǎng).課程目標1.能用二倍角公式推導出半角公式,體會三角恒等變換的基本思想方法,以及進行簡單的應用. 2.了解三角恒等變換的特點、變換技巧,掌握三角恒等變換的基本思想方法. 3.能利用三角恒等變換的技巧進行三角函數(shù)式的化簡、求值以及證明,進而進行簡單的應用. 數(shù)學學科素養(yǎng)1.邏輯推理: 三角恒等式的證明; 2.數(shù)據(jù)分析:三角函數(shù)式的化簡; 3.數(shù)學運算:三角函數(shù)式的求值.
本節(jié)內(nèi)容是學生學習了任意角和弧度制,任意角的三角函數(shù)后,安排的一節(jié)繼續(xù)深入學習內(nèi)容,是求三角函數(shù)值、化簡三角函數(shù)式、證明三角恒等式的基本工具,是整個三角函數(shù)知識的基礎,在教材中起承上啟下的作用。同時,它體現(xiàn)的數(shù)學思想與方法在整個中學數(shù)學學習中起重要作用。課程目標1.理解并掌握同角三角函數(shù)基本關系式的推導及應用.2.會利用同角三角函數(shù)的基本關系式進行化簡、求值與恒等式證明.數(shù)學學科素養(yǎng)1.數(shù)學抽象:理解同角三角函數(shù)基本關系式;2.邏輯推理: “sin α±cos α”同“sin αcos α”間的關系;3.數(shù)學運算:利用同角三角函數(shù)的基本關系式進行化簡、求值與恒等式證明重點:理解并掌握同角三角函數(shù)基本關系式的推導及應用; 難點:會利用同角三角函數(shù)的基本關系式進行化簡、求值與恒等式證明.
The newspaper reported more than 100 people had been killed in the thunderstorm.報紙報道說有一百多人在暴風雨中喪生。(2)before、when、by the time、until、after、once等引導的時間狀語從句的謂語是一般過去時,以及by、before后面接過去的時間時,主句動作發(fā)生在從句的動作或過去的時間之前且表示被動時,要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。By the time my brother was 10, he had been sent to Italy.我弟弟10歲前就已經(jīng)被送到意大利了。Tons of rice had been produced by the end of last month. 到上月底已生產(chǎn)了好幾噸大米。(3) It was the first/second/last ... time that ...句中that引導的定語從句中,主語與謂語構成被動關系時,要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。It was the first time that I had seen the night fact to face in one and a half years. 這是我一年半以來第一次親眼目睹夜晚的景色。(4)在虛擬語氣中,條件句表示與過去事實相反,且主語與謂語構成被動關系時,要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。If I had been instructed by him earlier, I would have finished the task.如果我早一點得到他的指示,我早就完成這項任務了。If I had hurried, I wouldn't have missed the train.如果我快點的話,我就不會誤了火車。If you had been at the party, you would have met him. 如果你去了晚會,你就會見到他的。
The discourse explores the link between food and culture from a foreign’s perspective and it records some authentic Chinese food and illustrates the cultural meaning, gerography features and historic tradition that the food reflects. It is aimed to lead students to understand and think about the connection between food and culture. While teaching, the teacher should instruct students to find out the writing order and the writer’s experieces and feelings towards Chinese food and culture.1.Guide the students to read the text, sort out the information and dig out the topic.2.Understand the cultural connotation, regional characteristics and historical tradition of Chinese cuisine3.Understand and explore the relationship between food and people's personality4.Guide the students to use the cohesive words in the text5.Lead students to accurately grasp the real meaning of the information and improve the overall understanding ability by understanding the implied meaning behind the text.1. Enable the Ss to understand the structure and the writing style of the passage well.2. Lead the Ss to understand and think further about the connection between food and geography and local character traits.Step1: Prediction before reading. Before you read, look at the title, and the picture. What do you think this article is about?keys:It is about various culture and cuisine about a place or some countries.
This happens because the dish soap molecules have a strong negative charge, and the milk molecules have a strong positive charge. Like magnets, these molecules are attracted to each other, and so they appear to move around on the plate, taking the food coloring with them, making it look like the colors are quickly moving to escape from the soap.Listening text:? Judy: Oh, I'm so sorry that you were ill and couldn't come with us on our field trip. How are you feeling now? Better?? Bill: Much better, thanks. But how was it?? Judy: Wonderful! I especially liked an area of the museum called Light Games.it was really cool. They had a hall of mirrors where I could see myself reflected thousands of times!? Bill: A hall of mirrors can be a lot of fun. What else did they have?? Judy: Well, they had an experiment where we looked at a blue screen for a while, and then suddenly we could see tiny bright lights moving around on it. You'll never guess what those bright lights were!? Bill: Come on, tell me!? Judy: They were our own blood cells. For some reason, our eyes play tricks on us when we look at a blue screen, and we can see our own blood cells moving around like little lights! But there was another thing I liked better. I stood in front of a white light, and it cast different shadows of me in every color of the rainbow!? Bill: Oh, I wish I had been there. Tell me more!? Judy: Well, they had another area for sound. They had a giant piano keyboard that you could use your feet to play. But then, instead of playing the sounds of a piano, it played the voices of classical singers! Then they had a giant dish, and when you spoke into it, it reflected the sound back and made it louder. You could use it to speak in a whisper to someone 17 meters away.? Bill: It all sounds so cool. I wish I could have gone with you? Judy: I know, but we can go together this weekend. I'd love to go there again!? Bill: That sounds like a great idea!
The grammatical structure of this unit is predicative clause. Like object clause and subject clause, predicative clause is one of Nominal Clauses. The leading words of predicative clauses are that, what, how, what, where, as if, because, etc.The design of teaching activities aims to guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions. Beyond that, students should be guided to use this grammar in the context apporpriately and flexibly.1. Enable the Ss to master the usage of the predicative clauses in this unit.2. Enable the Ss to use the predicative patterns flexibly.3. Train the Ss to apply some skills by doing the relevant exercises.1.Guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions.2.Strengthen students' ability of using predicative clauses in context, but also cultivate their ability of text analysis and logical reasoning competence.Step1: Underline all the examples in the reading passage, where noun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their meaning and functions.1) One theory was that bad air caused the disease.2) Another theory was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.3) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street had been infected by waste.Sum up the rules of grammar:1. 以上黑體部分在句中作表語。2. 句1、2、3中的that在從句中不作成分,只起連接作用。 Step2: Review the basic components of predicative clauses1.Definition
當孩子們由父母陪同時,他們才被允許進入這個運動場。3.過去分詞(短語)作狀語時的幾種特殊情況(1)過去分詞(短語)在句中作時間、條件、原因、讓步狀語時,相當于對應的時間、條件、原因及讓步狀語從句。Seen from the top of the mountain (=When it is seen from the top of the mountain), the whole town looks more beautiful.從山頂上看,整個城市看起來更美了。Given ten more minutes (=If we are given ten more minutes), we will finish the work perfectly.如果多給十分鐘,我們會完美地完成這項工作。Greatly touched by his words (=Because she was greatly touched by his words), she was full of tears.由于被他的話深深地感動,她滿眼淚花。Warned of the storm (=Though they were warned of the storm), the farmers were still working on the farm.盡管被警告了風暴的到來,但農(nóng)民們?nèi)栽谵r(nóng)場干活。(2)過去分詞(短語)在句中作伴隨、方式等狀語時,可改為句子的并列謂語或改為并列分句。The teacher came into the room, followed by two students (=and was followed by two students).后面跟著兩個學生,老師走進了房間。He spent the whole afternoon, accompanied by his mom(=and was accompanied by his mom).他由母親陪著度過了一整個下午。
Step 7: complete the discourse according to the grammar rules.Cholera used to be one of the most 1.__________ (fear) diseases in the world. In the early 19th century, _2_________ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died. But neither its cause, 3__________ its cure was understood. A British doctor, John Snow, wanted to solve the problem and he knew that cholera would not be controlled _4_________ its cause was found. In general, there were two contradictory theories 5 __________ explained how cholera spread. The first suggested that bad air caused the disease. The second was that cholera was caused by an _6_________(infect) from germs in food or water. John Snow thought that the second theory was correct but he needed proof. So when another outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, he began to investigate. Later, with all the evidence he _7_________ (gather), John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump _8_________ (remove) so that it couldn't be used. Through his intervention,the disease was stopped in its tracks. What is more, John Snow found that some companies sold water from the River Thames that __9__________________ (pollute) by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely _10_________ (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Through John Snow's efforts, the _11_________ (threaten) of cholera around the world saw a substantial increase. Keys: 1.feared 2.when 3. nor 4.unless 5.that/which 6.infection 7.had gathered 8.removed 9.was polluted 10.to get 11. threat
The grammar of this unit is designed to review noun clauses. Sentences that use nouns in a sentence are called noun clauses. Nominal clauses can act as subject, object, predicate, appositive and other components in compound sentences. According to the above-mentioned different grammatical functions, nominal clauses are divided into subject clause, object clause, predicate clause and appositive clause. In this unit, we will review the three kinds of nominal clauses. Appositive clauses are not required to be mastered in the optional compulsory stage, so they are not involved.1. Guide the students to judge the compound sentences and determine the composition of the clauses in the sentence.2. Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.3. Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clause1.Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.2.Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clauseStep1: The teacher ask studetns to find out more nominal clauses from the reading passage and udnerline the nominal clauses.
Step 5: After learning the text, discuss with your peers about the following questions:1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.keys:1. John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2. No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3. SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.Step 6: Consolidate what you have learned by filling in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _1___ in London in the _2__ century. He wanted to find the _3_____ of cholera in order to help people ___4_____ it. In 1854 when a cholera __5__ London, he began to gather information. He ___6__ on a map ___7___ all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had ___8____ (drink) the dirty water from the __9____ died. So he decided that the polluted water ___10____ cholera. He suggested that the ___11__ of all water supplies should be _12______ and new methods of dealing with ____13___ water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was __14_____.Keys: 1. doctor 2. 19th 3.cause 4.infected with 5.hit 6.marked 7.where 8.drunk 9.pump 10.carried 11.source 12.examined 13.polluted 14.defeatedHomework: Retell the text after class and preview its language points
Paragraph 3. Jan decided to start an IT club to teach old people how to use computers and the Internet. Paragraph 4. Jan has started taking online classes to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Paragraph 5. Jan’s life has been greatly improved by the Internet. Step 5: Critical thinking:(1)How do you arrange your time spent on study and the Internet? Is it reasonable? I usually surf the Internet using my mobile phone for only an hour after class, and it is reasonable for me.(2)What are your online activities? Are they safe? I chat with my friends, read news and play games. I never give away my private information so I think they are safe.Step 4: summary Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. There are countless articles (1)______(tell) us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient. But the Internet has done a lot (2)_____(much) for people than simply make life more convenient. People’s lives (3) _________________(change) by online communities and social networks so far. Take Jan for example, who developed a serious illness that made her (4)_____(stick) at home with only her computer to keep (5)___(she) company. She joined an online group (6)______ she could share problems, support and advice with others. She considered the ability to remove the distance between people as one of the greatest (7)_______(benefit). She was so inspired (8)____ she started an IT club in which many people have been helped. She has started to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money (9)___ children in poor countries. Jan’s life has been (10)______(great) improved by the Internet. Step 5 Homework:Review what we have learned and find out the key language points in the text.
This unit is about the Internet, which has a great influence to our humans and our lives. During the Listening & Speaking & Talking and Reading and Thinking section, the influence in examples has been shown. Thus, use the Present Perfect Tense is appropriate. However, in order to show the justice or weaken the doer of the behavior/action, it’s better to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice than the Present Perfect Tense. Besides, having learned to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice, students can beautify their language in their writing. 1. Learn the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice into the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice. 3. Learn to write sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly according to the context. 1. Learn the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice into the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice. 3. Learn to write sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly according to the context. Step 1 Observe the following sentences, then change the sentences into passive voice.He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting.(肯定句)他已被挑選出來參加運動會。The ink has not been removed from his overcoat.(否定句)墨跡還沒有從他外套上去掉。
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “ask about online habits”. Many middle school students have been surfing the Internet for many years, but what they do with the Internet and how much time they spend every day may not be very clear to themselves, nor to other students. This section allows students to investigate their peers' Internet use, which is conducive to their mutual understanding and understanding of the Internet. It can also help them reflect on their own online behavior, learn from other people's good online habits, and get rid of their bad online behavior.The listening text of this section is an investigation interview. The investigators interview specific groups with the same questions to obtain information, so as to understand their views, practices or attitudes on this issue. There are two specific questions: “how much time do you spend online every day? What do you usually do online?”. The answers of the three respondents provide rich and different information, and achieve the purpose of the investigators. The oral discourse structure of survey interviews generally includes greeting and explaining the purpose of the interview, presenting the interview questions and the respondents' answers. Listening and Talking introduces the theme of “choosing the right application ". Listening text is a conversation between Laura and Xiao Bo. In this part of listening, “oink”; “piggy bank” may cause the students' hearing comprehension limitation. Oink refers to sound word and pig's sound. So, add some oink to my piggy bank is often used to describe "making a little money".1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of listening for definitions.2. Cultivate students' ability to define words and understand an investigation interview.
(2)平均數(shù)受數(shù)據(jù)中的極端值(2個95)影響較大,使平均數(shù)在估計總體時可靠性降低,10天的用水量有8天都在平均值以下。故用中位數(shù)來估計每天的用水量更合適。1、樣本的數(shù)字特征:眾數(shù)、中位數(shù)和平均數(shù);2、用樣本頻率分布直方圖估計樣本的眾數(shù)、中位數(shù)、平均數(shù)。(1)眾數(shù)規(guī)定為頻率分布直方圖中最高矩形下端的中點;(2)中位數(shù)兩邊的直方圖的面積相等;(3)頻率分布直方圖中每個小矩形的面積與小矩形底邊中點的橫坐標之積相加,就是樣本數(shù)據(jù)的估值平均數(shù)。學生回顧本節(jié)課知識點,教師補充。 讓學生掌握本節(jié)課知識點,并能夠靈活運用。
可以通過下面的步驟計算一組n個數(shù)據(jù)的第p百分位數(shù):第一步:按從小到大排列原始數(shù)據(jù);第二步:計算i=n×p%;第三步:若i不是整數(shù),而大于i的比鄰整數(shù)位j,則第p百分位數(shù)為第j項數(shù)據(jù);若i是整數(shù),則第p百分位數(shù)為第i項與第i+1項的平均數(shù)。我們在初中學過的中位數(shù),相當于是第50百分位數(shù)。在實際應用中,除了中位數(shù)外,常用的分位數(shù)還有第25百分位數(shù),第75百分位數(shù)。這三個分位數(shù)把一組由小到大排列后的數(shù)據(jù)分成四等份,因此稱為四分位數(shù)。其中第25百分位數(shù)也稱為第一四分位數(shù)或下四分位數(shù)等,第75百分位數(shù)也稱為第三四分位數(shù)或上四分位數(shù)等。另外,像第1百分位數(shù),第5百分位數(shù),第95百分位數(shù),和第99百分位數(shù)在統(tǒng)計中也經(jīng)常被使用。例2、根據(jù)下列樣本數(shù)據(jù),估計樹人中學高一年級女生第25,50,75百分位數(shù)。
問題二:上述問題中,甲、乙的平均數(shù)、中位數(shù)、眾數(shù)相同,但二者的射擊成績存在差異,那么,如何度量這種差異呢?我們可以利用極差進行度量。根據(jù)上述數(shù)據(jù)計算得:甲的極差=10-4=6 乙的極差=9-5=4極差在一定程度上刻畫了數(shù)據(jù)的離散程度。由極差發(fā)現(xiàn)甲的成績波動范圍比乙的大。但由于極差只使用了數(shù)據(jù)中最大、最小兩個值的信息,所含的信息量很少。也就是說,極差度量出的差異誤差較大。問題三:你還能想出其他刻畫數(shù)據(jù)離散程度的辦法嗎?我們知道,如果射擊的成績很穩(wěn)定,那么大多數(shù)的射擊成績離平均成績不會太遠;相反,如果射擊的成績波動幅度很大,那么大多數(shù)的射擊成績離平均成績會比較遠。因此,我們可以通過這兩組射擊成績與它們的平均成績的“平均距離”來度量成績的波動幅度。
本節(jié)內(nèi)容是復數(shù)的三角表示,是復數(shù)與三角函數(shù)的結合,是對復數(shù)的拓展延伸,這樣更有利于我們對復數(shù)的研究。1.數(shù)學抽象:利用復數(shù)的三角形式解決實際問題;2.邏輯推理:通過課堂探究逐步培養(yǎng)學生的邏輯思維能力;3.數(shù)學建模:掌握復數(shù)的三角形式;4.直觀想象:利用復數(shù)三角形式解決一系列實際問題;5.數(shù)學運算:能夠正確運用復數(shù)三角形式計算復數(shù)的乘法、除法;6.數(shù)據(jù)分析:通過經(jīng)歷提出問題—推導過程—得出結論—例題講解—練習鞏固的過程,讓學生認識到數(shù)學知識的邏輯性和嚴密性。復數(shù)的三角形式、復數(shù)三角形式乘法、除法法則及其幾何意義舊知導入:問題一:你還記得復數(shù)的幾何意義嗎?問題二:我們知道,向量也可以由它的大小和方向唯一確定,那么能否借助向量的大小和方向這兩個要素來表示復數(shù)呢?如何表示?