In this step, give students a few minutes to read the passage . While they are reading, I will write some key words of the text on the blackboard. Then ask students to retell the passage according to the key words.By retelling, students can improve their ability of language organization and have an overall understanding of the article.Step 4 Group discussionIn this step, students will be divided into groups of 4 to discussion the following question: What qualities make a great person?After their discussion, invite a few groups to make a report to the class.This group discussion can practice students’ oral English and cultivate their abilities of cooperation and communication.Step 5. HomeworkLet students write a short passage to introduce a great person he or she admires.The homework can consolidate the knowledge the students have learned and cultivate their writing ability. Part 6 Blackboard Design(板書設(shè)計)That’s all my teaching procedures. Finally, I’d like to say sth about part 6 blackboard design. On the top is the title. On the left, there will be some new words and expressions. In the middle of the blackboard, I will write some useful sentence structures so that the students can know clearly what they’ve learned and then try to master the knowledge.OK. That’s all for my presentation. Thank you for your attention.
Then I would ask them to think of a funny English or Chinese and tell it to partners. While telling stories, they can use expressions and some acting to help make the story funny. 5 minutes would be given to do this.Those stories they told there will be the material for their writing. Soletting them tell it at first is helpful. And they can make a difference between telling a funny story and writing it down. Generally speaking, it is difficult forstudents to write well because they don’t know what to write and how to write. Asking them to tell their own stories at first can help them come up with what to write.After their telling, I would invite someone to share his/her story with all of us and I would write it down on the blackboard.This example story would be used as a sample to illustrate the format of funny story. Different from a story from teacher or textbook, a story from students can obviously become a interesting material to draw students’ attention.Then I would ask the whole class to put this story into several parts. It might be a little bit difficult for them. So I would ask them to find out whether all the sentences are necessary. After delete some sentences, there are 6 sentences left behind. Then they can easily put them into three parts. After interaction with students, I would teach them the right terms for each part and conclude the format of funny story.This step is the key and difficult point in my lesson. So I mainly usetask-based teaching method in this part and the task for students was divided into several stages. With the separated difficult level, students can find there are usually three parts in writing. They can also learn to write without the unnecessary parts in the process of analyzing. And then I wouldn’t rush to tell them the right terms to them directly. Instead, I would ask them to name them by their own. A confused mind is better for acquiring knowledge.While-writing:Then I would give students 7 minutes to write down this story, without other requirements.With all the preparations in pre-writing, students’ difficulties were cleared. So it would be much easier for them to write down the story within 7 minutes. There are no other requirements because students’ first writing is actually a drafting. It would be revise and edit several times later. Writing, as a skill
Good afternoon, teachers, It’s my great pleasure to be here sharing my lesson with you.The content of my lesson is Senior English Book 3 Unit 5 Canada —— “The true North”.I’ll be ready to begin this lesson from five parts. Analysis of the teaching material,the teaching methods,the studying methods, the teaching procedure,and Blackboard design.First, let me talk about the teaching material.Part 1 Teaching Material:This unit is about the introduction of Canada. By studying of this unit,we’ll enable the students to learn the geography, population, main cities, and natural beauty, natural resources of Canada. Through the training of the unit, it also requires students to learn some Language skills such as the expressions of position and emotions.So it plays an important part in the English teaching in this book.After studying the teaching material and analyzing the rule of children’s growing of mind,I think the teaching aims are the followings:1.Knowledge objects:(1) make the students learn some new words and phrases(2) make the students understand the content of the lesson.2.Ability objects:(1)To develop the Ss’ abilities of listening, speaking, reading and writing. Especially reading and speaking ability.(2) learn to talk about the characters of Canada in English(3)To train the Ss’ ability of working in pairs.3.Emotion objects:(1)Enable students to understand the characters of Canada..(2)Stimulate Ss to work hard to make China stronger.Part 2 Teaching Methods:I think helping students learn to master new words and phrases and improve the students’ reading and speaking ability is import and the difficult.According to the analysis of the teaching material and the import points and the difficult points,I will use the following teaching methods : question-guiding approach; fast-reading and careful reading; multi-media teaching methods; discussion
Good morning, distinguished judges:It’s my honor to talk about my teaching ideas with you. Today my topic is Women of Achievement. My presentation consists of six parts: the analysis of teaching material and student, teaching aims, key and difficult points, teaching and studying method, teaching procedures and blackboard design.First, let’s focus on the analysis of teaching material. This lesson is from New Senior English for China Student’s Book 4 Unit 1, the reading part. The main topic of the passage is the introduction of a student of Africanwildlife. After this lesson, the students will learn more information about her studying chimps in Africa, and their reading and speaking abilities can be developed as well.The next part is the analysis of students. My students are in senior high students. They have learnt English for many years, they’ve known many words and sentences, but their speaking and reading abilities are still not very good. So I will practice their speaking and reading abilities through different exercises.According to the New Standard Curriculum and the present situation, I set the teaching aims as follows: firstly, knowledge aims. Students can grasp some new words, such as worthwhile, move off. Moreover, students can understand the content of the passage and get familiar with the topic of studying chimps in wildlife. Secondly, ability aims. Students can use reading strategies such as skimming and scanning in reading process. Thirdly, emotional aims. Students can have the awareness of protecting animals and care about animals.Based on the above analysis, the key point of this lesson is to get the main idea and the detailed information from the passage; the difficult point is to talk about the wildlife protection and use reading strategies.
Knowledge objectives:(1) to make Ss grasp the usage of words, expressions and sentence structures: statistics, struggle, thanks to, rid of, some patterns for persuasion, the “ing” form as subject and object;(2)to use learnt knowledge to persuade sb.Ability objectives:(1) to develop Ss’ reading skills(skimming, scanning, word guessing);(2) to improve Ss’ speaking, communicating and cooperating skills.Emotional objectives:to make Ss know the contribution of Yuan,and learn his spirit and his simple life time.Teaching important and difficult points:(1) some words, expressions and sentence structures mentioned above;(2)the content of the text;(3)training their reading and speaking skills.Teaching methods: CLT, TBLT,QT.Learning strategies: CLS, QLS, TBLS.Teaching procedures:Step 1 lead-in: (1) teacher plays a piece of recent news from CCTV about the harvest of the super hybrid rice, and ask students whether they know Yuan or not, and talk about him and his contribution.(2)Brain storm: let Ss describe Yuan in their minds including his appearance, his living condition and so on.Step 2 fast reading tasks:(1)teacher introduces Yuan and super hybrid rice(2)make Ss read the text as fast as possible with questions. Such as: what’s the general ideaof this passage? What’s Yuan’ dream? (skimming and scanning skill)Step 3 intensive reading tasks(1)let Ss read the text silently, find topic sentence of each paragraph and draw the difficult sentences and the knowledge what they don’t understand.(words guessing)(2)teacher and Ss talk about the important words, expressions and sentences together, and ask Ss to retell the content of the text.(summarizing and paraphrasing)(3)teacher summarize this part.(4) read again following the courseware.
在接下來的細(xì)讀環(huán)節(jié),我套用了高考對閱讀理解的考查方式設(shè)置了5個問題,分別為三個推理判斷題,一個細(xì)節(jié)題和一個主旨大意題。學(xué)生需要對文章的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行分析、歸納、推理、猜測等高級思維活動才能做出正確的回答?!驹O(shè)計意圖】這一過程是對學(xué)生進(jìn)行細(xì)讀的訓(xùn)練,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生獲取特定信息和挖掘文章深層次信息的能力。第三環(huán)節(jié):Intensive-reading (精讀) 15′第三個環(huán)節(jié)精讀,既是最重要的環(huán)節(jié),也是突破本課重難點的關(guān)鍵。首先,讓學(xué)生思考劇本中人物看到百萬英鎊前后的態(tài)度發(fā)生了怎樣的變化。其次,讓學(xué)生仔細(xì)閱讀文章,找出可以表現(xiàn)人物態(tài)度變化的具體的語言和動作。最后,讓學(xué)生總結(jié)人物的態(tài)度發(fā)生變化的根本原因是什么,從而引出Money Talks, 供學(xué)生思考?!驹O(shè)計意圖】通過一系列的活動培養(yǎng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)從人物的語言和動作探究人物的心理,使學(xué)生進(jìn)一步體會戲劇語言的魅力,從而對文章背后所反映的社會問題進(jìn)行思考,也為下一步的討論環(huán)節(jié)做好鋪墊。
In this class, I have 3 teaching aims, that is, knowledge aims, ability aims and emotion aims.1) Knowledge-Teach students new words and expressions, such as temporary, bleed,sprain choke, first aid, fall ill and so on.-Enable students to have a better understanding for some basic knowledge of first aid.2) Ability-Train students’ speaking, reading and writing abilities by different teaching activities, such as skimming, comprehending, team work, role play, retelling and writing.-Develop students’ reading strategy on how to move general idea to specific information.3) Emotion-Promote students’ awareness of giving first aid.- Cultivate students’ creativities.Then let’s come to my teaching methods and activities.III. Teaching methods and activities:To achieve different teaching aims, various kinds of teaching methods and activities will be adopted throughout this period, such as TBL (task-based learning), skimming, team work, brainstorm and others, which can offer students opportunities to fulfill tasks in which they can use language to achieve a specific outcome.IV. Teaching aids:Computer and blackboardV. Teaching important points:1) Make students have a clear mind for the structure of the text.2) Help students understand the theme of the text.VI. Teaching difficulties:1) So many new words may affect students’ understanding.2) How to get students to know about the functions of the skin and thecauses, characteristics and treatments for different degree burns,and the knowledge about giving first aid. VII. Blackboard design:
Teaching Aims:Knowledge 1. Get the students to learn the useful new words and expressions in this section. Aims:2. Let the students learn about how the UK was formed and the four groups of invaders.1. Develop students’ reading ability and let them learn different Ability reading skills. Aims:2. Enable students to learn to talk about the United Kingdom and the Union Jack Emotional 1. Let students know more about the UK2. Develop students’ sense of cooperative learning Aims:Teaching Important Points:1. Let the students learn about the countries of the United Kingdom and the Union Jack2. Get the students to read the passage and know about how the UK was formed and the four groups of invaders.3. Have the students learn different reading skills.Teaching Difficult Ponts:1. Develop students’ reading ability.2. Enable students to talk about the United Kingdom and the Union Jack.3. Let students learn how the UK was formed geographically and historically.Teaching Methods:Showing pictures, asking, exercising, listening, reading etc.Teaching Aids:A computer,a projector and a blackboard.Teaching Procedures: 1) Show a map of the world, ask students the following questions:Where is the UK?What’s the full name of the UK?2) Ask the students work in pairs to do the quiz on Page 9.Do you want to test how many things you know about the United Kingdom? Let’s have a small test.Using the map on P9, students answer the following questions:?How many countries does the UK consist of? What are they??England is divided into three main areas. Do you know what they are? 1) Scanning (10Minutes )Let the students hold the questions asked in pre-reading and read the passagequickly and then let them do the following exercise.Join lines to the right answer.
一、舊知回顧1、有理數(shù)的加法法則:(1)同號兩數(shù)相加,取相同的符號,并把絕對值相加。(2)絕對值不等的異號兩數(shù)相加,取絕對值較大的加數(shù)的符號,并用較大的絕對值減去較小的絕對值。(3)互為相反數(shù)的兩數(shù)相加得零。(4)一個數(shù)與零相加,仍得這個數(shù)。注意:一個有理數(shù)由符號和絕對值兩部分組成,進(jìn)行加法運算時,應(yīng)注意確定和的符號和絕對值.
1.師要注意區(qū)別教學(xué)內(nèi)容是否適合進(jìn)行小組合作探究。這種學(xué)習(xí)是否每節(jié)課都需要。學(xué)生的小組學(xué)習(xí)是否在走過場,或者說流于形式。教師要注意營造自由自在的學(xué)習(xí)氛圍,控制討論的局面,如討論中是否有人進(jìn)行人身攻擊,是否有人壟斷發(fā)言權(quán)而有的人卻一言不發(fā),是否有人竊竊私語,教師要在巡視及參與中“察言觀色”,及時調(diào)控。2.教師要充分注意精心設(shè)計的問題。教師的教學(xué)設(shè)計是否合適,是做秀還是教學(xué)的需要。這不僅需要教師的認(rèn)同,還需要課程的認(rèn)同,學(xué)生的認(rèn)同。因此,對于適合采用小組合作探究方式的教學(xué)內(nèi)容,我們一定要根據(jù)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的三維目標(biāo)學(xué)生現(xiàn)有的認(rèn)知程度和興趣以及本課要解決的問題和教學(xué)任務(wù)來精心設(shè)計問題。3.要注重小組合作探究的組織,進(jìn)行適當(dāng)有效的指導(dǎo)。教師要轉(zhuǎn)換自己的角色,從傳授者變成指導(dǎo)者、參與者、監(jiān)控者和幫助者,并切實注意自身行為的方法和效果,及時進(jìn)行調(diào)整。
1.看過了視頻,接下來由各個小組與我們分享他們在課下準(zhǔn)備的核心價值觀小品,每組表演時,剩下的小組猜測表演的是哪一個核心價值觀并在活動評價單上進(jìn)行評分。2.教師總結(jié):“精神文明建設(shè)使人們的生活更美好”教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生:精神文明建設(shè)搞好了,人心凝聚,精神振奮,各項事業(yè)才會全面興盛?;顒佣鹤哌M(jìn)新時代,懷揣中國夢。1.播放“中國夢”優(yōu)秀少兒演講視頻。2.閱讀課本,交流感想?;顒尤籂幾鰰r代好少年1.回顧各小組的表演,把其中所有的不良習(xí)慣和閃光舉動逐個挑出來再次強(qiáng)調(diào)。2.小組交流班級內(nèi)部常見的壞習(xí)慣。教師總結(jié)??偨Y(jié)延伸:通過本節(jié)課的學(xué)習(xí)了解到青少兒應(yīng)積極投身于社會主義精神文明建設(shè)的偉大實踐中去,做新時代的好少,做新時期中國先進(jìn)文化的傳播者。
◇探究提示:(1)孔子思想體系的核心是“仁’’和“禮”,其主要內(nèi)容是“仁者愛人”和“克己復(fù)禮”??鬃犹岢觥叭省钡膶W(xué)說,要求統(tǒng)治者體察民情,反對苛政和任意刑殺;提倡廣泛地理解、體貼他人,以此調(diào)整人際關(guān)系,穩(wěn)定社會秩序??鬃又v的“克己復(fù)禮”,是說做人要克制自己,使自己的行為符合‘‘禮’’的要求。(2)老子認(rèn)為“道”是凌駕于天之上的天地萬物的本原,他提出‘‘天法道,道法自然”的思想。老子從“天道自然無為”的思想出發(fā),倡導(dǎo)政治上“無為而治”,以“無事取天下”。老子哲學(xué)中包含著豐富的辯證法思想,他指出,任何事物都有矛盾、對立的兩個方面,矛盾雙方可以相互轉(zhuǎn)化。(3)墨子主張“兼愛”“非攻”,“兼愛”就是無等差的愛,無論任何人,都不分輕重厚薄;“非攻”就是反對不義的兼并戰(zhàn)爭,主張各國和平相處。(4)韓非子崇尚法,強(qiáng)調(diào)法的重要性,主張法、術(shù)、勢相結(jié)合,建立一個君主專制的中央集權(quán)國家,要求人人必須遵守法;韓非子還認(rèn)為社會不斷發(fā)展變化,歷史永遠(yuǎn)不會倒退,主張變法革新。
請回答:根據(jù)上述材料,概述第二次工業(yè)革命興起的主要原因。〖參考答案〗①政治上,資本主義制度在世界范圍內(nèi)的確立,為第二次工業(yè)革命提供了政權(quán)保障。②市場上,世界市場進(jìn)一步拓展,推動生產(chǎn)進(jìn)步發(fā)展。③科技上,19世紀(jì)自然科學(xué)的飛速發(fā)展與重大突破。④勞動力上,擁有更多、素質(zhì)更好的自由勞動力。⑤經(jīng)濟(jì)上,擁有更加雄厚的資本。探索攻關(guān)二:第二次工業(yè)革命與壟斷組織的出現(xiàn)的關(guān)系材料一第二次工業(yè)革命產(chǎn)生的新興工業(yè)部門,在廠房、設(shè)備、技術(shù)要求和產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜性等方面,都對生產(chǎn)組織提出了新的要求。這是過去的獨家企業(yè)無法滿足的,而且一般沒有足夠的資金?!谑牵匈Y金的合股公司迅速增加起來,起大型企業(yè)壟斷組織也就應(yīng)運而生。
(三)、中華之瑰寶.民族之驕傲1.我國各具特色的民族文化異彩紛呈.都為中華文化的形成和發(fā)展做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)(1)我國的雕刎建筑藝術(shù)是各族人民共同創(chuàng)造的,都是中華文化的瑰寶。例如:敦煌石窟、云岡石窟;克孜爾千佛洞等,是古代的漢族、鮮卑以及西域各族的藝術(shù)家和勞動人民共同創(chuàng)造的。(2)許多少數(shù)民族用自己的語言文字創(chuàng)造了優(yōu)秀的民族文學(xué)。例如:藏族的《格薩爾王傳》、蒙古族的《江格爾》和柯爾克孜族的《瑪納斯》被并為三大英雄史詩?!笞⒁猓好褡逦幕钌畹伢w現(xiàn)著各民族的風(fēng)俗和精神面貌,通過一定的物質(zhì)展現(xiàn),可以表現(xiàn)在建筑、民族文學(xué)、舞蹈、習(xí)俗、信仰、衣著等方方面面?!簏c撥:“相關(guān)鏈接”中提到的《江格爾)是蒙古族衛(wèi)拉特郝英雄史詩。史詩的篇幸結(jié)構(gòu)、故事情節(jié)、語言風(fēng)格等具有蒙古族說唱藝術(shù)的特點。從民族文學(xué)角度反映了本民族的文化生活.同時也為中華文化增添了絢麗色彩?!笳n堂探究:(1)你還知道哪蝗少數(shù)民族舞蹈?它們務(wù)有什么特點?
3.社會實踐對文化創(chuàng)新的決定作用社會實踐對文化創(chuàng)新具有兩個方面的重要作用:(1)社會實踐是文化創(chuàng)新的源泉實踐,作為人們改造客觀世界的活動,是一種有目的、有意識的社會性活動。人類在改造自然和社會的實踐中,創(chuàng)造出自己特有的文化。離開了社會實踐;文化就會成為無源之水、無本之木,人們不可能從事任何有價值的文化創(chuàng)造。◇本課小結(jié):1.關(guān)于本課邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)的宏觀把握:文化創(chuàng)新的源泉和作用這一問題,教材分三個層次展開論證:一是不盡的源泉,不竭的動力;二是巨大的作用,深刻的意義;三是呼喚文化創(chuàng)新的時代。教材運用辯證方法從文化創(chuàng)新的源泉和作用展開論述。即社會實踐是文化創(chuàng)新的源泉,文化創(chuàng)新又推動社會實踐的發(fā)展和促進(jìn)民族文化的繁榮。教材關(guān)于文化創(chuàng)新的途徑問題,從三個層次展開講述:第一個層次是“繼承傳統(tǒng),推陳出新”;第二個層次是“面向世界,博采眾長”;第三個層次是“堅持正確方向,克服錯誤傾向”。
材料說明了什么?探究二:材料分析:2005年12月13日至18日,WTO第六次部長級會議在香港召開。會議經(jīng)過談判通過了《部長宣言》,規(guī)定發(fā)達(dá)成員和部分發(fā)展中成員2008年前向最不發(fā)達(dá)國家所有產(chǎn)品提供免關(guān)稅、免配額的市場準(zhǔn)入;發(fā)達(dá)成員2006年取消棉花的出口補(bǔ)貼, 2013年年底前取消所有形式農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口補(bǔ)貼。材料體現(xiàn)了世界貿(mào)易組織在國際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域中發(fā)揮哪些作用?探究三:P97:A、這些圖示,反映出我國利用外資哪些特點?。B、能為我國提高外資利用水平提出些建議嗎?探究四:材料展示:我國是人口眾多的發(fā)展中大國,全國居民每天消費總額達(dá)到37億元。每天消費糧食75萬噸,相當(dāng)于一個縣級商品糧基地的全年產(chǎn)量;每天消耗豬肉6萬噸,食油1萬噸,糖1.6萬噸,鮮蛋1.8萬噸。每天購買雜志600多萬冊,報紙5000多萬份,需要400量中型載貨汽車才能裝載。
1.加強(qiáng)社會主義文化建設(shè)的必要性在人類歷史的長河中,各種思想文化總是相互沖擊、交匯、融合.奔騰向前,永不停息。今天,我們面對的文化有傳統(tǒng)的和現(xiàn)代的、外來的和本土的、進(jìn)步的和落后的、先進(jìn)的和腐朽的、積極的和頹廢的,等等。各種各樣的文化有吸納又有排斥,有融合又有斗爭,有滲透又有抵御,呈現(xiàn)出前所未有的相互交織、相互激蕩之勢。在這種文化發(fā)展的大背景下,在我國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)過程中,有必要弘揚我國社會主義的主流文化,這樣有利于保證我國社會主義文化發(fā)展的方向。2.大力加強(qiáng)社會主義文化建設(shè)(1)中國特色社會主義文化在我國文化生活中處于主導(dǎo)地位。中國特色社會主義文化,始終堅持以科學(xué)的理論武裝人,以正確的輿論引導(dǎo)人,以高尚的精神塑造人,以優(yōu)秀的作品鼓舞人,無論是思想內(nèi)容還是表現(xiàn)形式,都發(fā)揮著強(qiáng)有力的導(dǎo)向和示范作用。社會主義文化以其自身的科學(xué)性和先進(jìn)性,并依靠社會主義政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)力量,在人民大眾的文化生活中始終占據(jù)著主導(dǎo)地位。
(2)歷史課本中歷朝歷代的文化發(fā)展。(3)政治生活中關(guān)于綜合國力競爭的相關(guān)知識。(4)了解文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,深入體會知識經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象。五、【方法點津】:(1)堅持理論聯(lián)系實際的方法,感悟文化現(xiàn)象,理解文化內(nèi)涵,分析文化的作用,增強(qiáng)文化學(xué)習(xí)的自覺性。(2)自學(xué)探究。以課本的簡單提示為線索,深入探究文化與經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治的相互交融,探究文化在綜合國力競爭中的地位和作用。(3)集體討論。針對當(dāng)前國際競爭的實質(zhì),探討我國應(yīng)如何發(fā)展文化產(chǎn)業(yè)、發(fā)展文化生產(chǎn)力、增強(qiáng)文化競爭力;討淪為更好地應(yīng)對文化競爭,作為中學(xué)生目前應(yīng)做好哪些準(zhǔn)備。六、【課文導(dǎo)語】:文化,一個我們十分熟悉的詞匯。然而“熟知并非真知”。有人說,文化是知識;有人說,文化是藝術(shù)。究竟什么是“文化”?只要在社會生活中細(xì)細(xì)體味,我們就能真切地感悟“文化”的內(nèi)涵與文化的力量。
有的學(xué)者還指出,要堅持集體主義還必須將集體主義的價值精神與社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的要求結(jié)合起來,批判地繼承計劃經(jīng)濟(jì)時代倡導(dǎo)的集體主義,合理地對其進(jìn)行體系結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整和內(nèi)容的更新,形成新的集體主義。與傳統(tǒng)的集體主義相比,這種新的集體主義應(yīng)具有如下兩個主要特點。其一,強(qiáng)調(diào)集體的出發(fā)點是為了維護(hù)集體成員的正當(dāng)個人利益。傳統(tǒng)的集體主義具有片面強(qiáng)調(diào)集體至上性、絕對性的弊端;新的集體主義必須依據(jù)社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的現(xiàn)實要求,將集體應(yīng)當(dāng)對個人承擔(dān)的義務(wù)加以科學(xué)的闡釋。真正的集體應(yīng)該維護(hù)各個集體成員的個人利益,實現(xiàn)組成集體的各個主體的自我價值。這種新型的集體主義是對社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下社會關(guān)系的真實反映,既與個人主義有本質(zhì)區(qū)別,也不同于傳統(tǒng)的集體主義。其二,要體現(xiàn)道德要求的先進(jìn)性與廣泛性的統(tǒng)一。
此探究活動的目的是為了說明馬克思主義哲學(xué)是科學(xué)完整的體系。在探究活動時可以首先向?qū)W生簡單介紹西方哲學(xué)的發(fā)展歷史,使學(xué)生對馬克思主義哲學(xué)在整個西方哲學(xué)中的位置和地位有個大致了解。離開了這個大的背景,學(xué)生對馬克思主義哲學(xué)就容易摸不著頭緒。馬克思主義哲學(xué)之前的唯物主義的局限性表現(xiàn)在:古代樸素的帶有辯證法性質(zhì)的唯物主義主要是追問世界的本原問題,這時的哲學(xué)缺乏近代科學(xué)作為基礎(chǔ),因此它更多的是一種猜測。它雖然看到了世界的聯(lián)系和變化,但它還無法理解聯(lián)系和變化背后的基礎(chǔ)和原因。近代形而上學(xué)的唯物主義主要是追問人的認(rèn)識問題,即人的認(rèn)識的來源是什么,是什么保證人的認(rèn)識的可靠性。但它對人的認(rèn)識問題的解決主要是立足于對世界的一種直觀觀察,認(rèn)為人的認(rèn)識來源于對世界的直觀的、機(jī)械的反映。它不理解人的實踐活動,不理解人是在改造世界的過程中認(rèn)識世界,人的認(rèn)識是在實踐基礎(chǔ)上的能動反映。