Unit 4 Adversity And Courage教案

Readingand Thinking: A Successful Failure

文本簡析

本單元閱讀文本的話題是英國探險家沙克爾頓帶領(lǐng)一支28人的探險隊乘坐“堅忍號”遠征南極，被困長達兩年，歷經(jīng)磨難卻不放棄，最終全部生還的經(jīng)過。旨在讓高中生了解20世紀一次偉大的南極探險經(jīng)歷，以及船長沙克爾頓在極度惡劣的環(huán)境下冷靜應對、堅韌不拔的精神和高超的領(lǐng)導智慧。通過學習，高中生能以勇于探索、頑強拼搏的心態(tài)去迎接生活的種種考驗。

文本采用日記敘事文體，主人公珀西是一名19歲、崇拜沙克爾頓、對航海探險充滿渴望的小水手。文本包含一則招探險隊員的公告和三篇跨度約兩年的日記。日記按時間為序，以第一人稱的口吻記錄了珀西從報名被拒到偷偷上了“堅忍號”，再到“堅忍號”被冰困住他們棄船在冰上扎營，和他們在大象島等待救援時經(jīng)受的煎熬和考驗。主人公年齡與學生相近，以日記的方式呈現(xiàn)探險隊經(jīng)歷的磨難，使得文本內(nèi)容和立意容易為學生所接受，進而產(chǎn)生共鳴。標題“A Successful Failure”是整個文本的濃縮提煉，說明他們經(jīng)歷生死考驗，雖然沒有到達原本的目的地，卻在沙克爾頓的正確指揮下九死一生，安然歸來。文本還使用了少量的心理描寫和對話，生動刻畫了環(huán)境的惡劣以及沙克爾頓的人格魅力和他在隊員中傳遞的公正、關(guān)愛他人和堅韌不拔的精神力量。

在進行文本教學設計時，要幫助學生梳理關(guān)于逆境與堅毅的話題類語言，其中包括有關(guān)極度惡劣環(huán)境以及與之相關(guān)的情感的表達。此外，表示轉(zhuǎn)折和強烈反差的功能類語言，如：but，however，otherwise等，也值得梳理。

教學設計(共2課時)

第1課時

一、教學內(nèi)容

理解全文，明確南極探險隊員面對的艱難險阻，了解隊員在探險過程的心理變化和戰(zhàn)勝逆境必備的堅持不懈、英勇頑強、合作等品格。

二、課時目標

1. 圍繞逆境主題，對圖片、招聘啟事、標題進行討論，激活背景知識，預測文本內(nèi)容，學習話題相關(guān)語言。

2. 通過跳讀、略讀、梳理歸納和推理判斷等策略，提取文本關(guān)鍵信息，概括日記大意，理解文本意義，分析描述情緒變化，發(fā)展邏輯思維能力。

3. 通過文本分析，并根據(jù)上下文理解相關(guān)詞義，完成概要填空與補充，結(jié)合事件發(fā)展對結(jié)局作出合理推斷，完成續(xù)寫作業(yè)。

三、教學過程

Activity1: Talking about the continent.

本活動旨在落實課時目標1。

Studentswork in groups of four and talk about a picture of Antarctica.

Q1: Whatplace do you think this picture is about? Why do you think so?

Q2: Whatbasic facts do you know about the continent? Discuss and decide.

【設計意圖】此活動是導入環(huán)節(jié)。學生就上述兩個問題進行小組討論，根據(jù)提示完成小卡片內(nèi)容，在教師的引導下用已有的主題語言，描述南極洲，激活背景知識。第一個問題有助于引出南極洲的話題，第二個問題激發(fā)學生交流他們已知的關(guān)于南極洲的動物、環(huán)境、氣候和其他值得一提的特色，引出penguin, seal, ice freezes, bitter cold, long monthsof darkness…等話題語言，為預測課文內(nèi)容以及深刻理解探險隊遇到的困難和考驗作好鋪墊。“值得一提…”這一項需要教師適度引導。

Activity2: Inquiring and predicting the content of the passage.

本活動旨在落實課時目標1。

Studentsread the ad, the title, and the pictures, and then work in pairs to ask as manyquestions as possible about the information each contains.

If necessary,a sample question “Who posted the ad?” can be provided to students.

Possiblequestions to be covered include:

Who posted the ad?

What kind of men was he looking for?

Where could they be going?

Why would they go on a dangerous journey?

What extreme difficulties would they meet?

Would there be men to apply?

From the title, was the expedition a successor a failure?

【設計意圖】引導學生帶著預測進行閱讀，使他們更加積極主動且聚焦主題語境。在這個活動中，學生通過理解征員廣告和標題及圖片，以探究型學習方式提出自己想要從文中獲取的信息，籍此預測文本內(nèi)容，帶著問題進行閱讀，培養(yǎng)推斷能力，促進主動學習。學生在交流與問答過程中，同時完成對關(guān)鍵詞“adversity”和“perseverance”的初步了解。

Activity3:Identifying key information of the expedition.

本活動旨在落實課時目標2。

Studentsfirst scan paragraph 1 & the dates of the dairy entries to find out key informationof the text, that is, who/what/where/when/how/why. Then students skim the diaryentries to find out the location and main idea of each by using “How…” with a limitof 8 words

【設計意圖】引導學生通過運用跳讀和略讀的閱讀策略，尋找主要信息，并根據(jù)主要信息對日記進行概括，整體把握文本內(nèi)容，提升概括能力。借助限定詞how和不多于八個單詞的大意概括的要求，學生可以規(guī)范提煉信息和重構(gòu)信息的方式，跳出文本枝節(jié)看全貌。同時，學生歸納了探險隊將近兩年的主要磨難之后，可以自然過渡到活動4，把握作者心理變化過程。

Activity4: Inferring feelings and emotions.

本活動旨在落實教學目標2。

Studentsread the text and then discuss in pairs how Blackborow’s feelings changed as thedays passed. A flowchart is advised to be used.

Q1: Indiary entry 1, how did Blackborow feel about himself before he joined the expedition?Q2: How did he feel when he was allowed to stay?

Q3: Howmany phases should the flowchart consist of?

Q4: Wheneveryour group decides a word, ask yourself “How did I know this?”

【設計意圖】通過再次閱讀和四個問題的設置，為學生提供思維支架。學生兩人分組討論“我”的心理變化一共經(jīng)歷了幾個階段，從而理清文本包含的四個變化，即：出海前滿腔熱情、急于表現(xiàn)、自信，到出海后得到沙克爾頓同意留在船上的興奮和驕傲，再到棄船扎營浮冰時低落、擔憂，最后在大象島等候救援時的憂慮、茫然、心情低落卻又心存希望。通過對主人公在不同階段心理變化的分析，推進學生思維向更高層次發(fā)展。

Activity5: Summarizing the text.

本活動旨在落實教學目標3。

Studentscomplete Ex. 3 in Student’s Book. Then they add one or two sentences that describeBlackborow’s feelings along the way to the paragraph.

Afterseeing the advertisement in the newspaper, Perce Blackborow resolved to jointhe Antarctic expedition led by Sir Ernest Shackleton no matter what challengesmight lie ahead. Unfortunately, his application was turned down because hewas too young and not qualified enough. However, he managed to get aboardthe Endurance with his friend’s help. He hid in a cupboard, but was soondiscovered and brought to Shackleton. Although the captain was angry, he assignedthe boy the job of cooking for the crew. Their voyage did not go smoothly,and the Endurance became stuck in the ice. Before the Endurance was crushed andsank into the sea, Shackleton gave the order to abandon ship, andthe crew had to camp on ice. They then sailed to Elephant Island. Soon after that,Shackleton selected a boat party and set off for South Georgia Island toget help. At the beginning, Blackborow was excited and proud, but turned depressedand worried after the ship sank. Despite that, he remained hopeful with a strongbelief that Shackleton would come back to rescue them. (a possible version)

【設計意圖】明晰文本大意和主人公心理變化后，學生完成課后練習3，并新增加一至兩句能夠概括主人公心理發(fā)展變化的描述。學生需要根據(jù)上下文理解詞義，完整復現(xiàn)文本內(nèi)容，在理解中生成新的內(nèi)容，為下一個活動也是課后的作業(yè)做好語言、內(nèi)容和情感準備。

Activity6: Predicting & writing the outcome.

本活動旨在落實課時教學目標3。

As thediary entries didn’t tell yet if Shackleton would come back to rescue them. It wasalso unknown whether they would succeed or fail in the end. Students discuss ingroups of 4 what was to continue and how the expedition would end. Then in the 1stperson students write a diary entry of about 80 words on the ending of the journeyas after-class assignment.

Certainexpressions are provided for the students.

【設計意圖】學生運用所學語言內(nèi)容，結(jié)合文本主題、大意和主人公的內(nèi)心發(fā)展變化，整合結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)容和語言，對文本進行續(xù)寫，一方面鞏固文章內(nèi)容，強化主題語言，另一方面對所學內(nèi)容和語言進行遷移與創(chuàng)新。本活動也成為第一課時的作業(yè)，和第二課時的導入。

第2課時

一、教學內(nèi)容

品讀語言，加深理解，學習沙克爾頓面對惡劣環(huán)境和生死存亡時的冷靜、堅韌的品質(zhì)和極具魅力的領(lǐng)導智慧。審度文中三個人物各自的真、善、美，深度理解主題意義，遷移所學，完成實用型型寫作任務。

二、課時目標

1. 通過講評作業(yè)，深入理解文本，積累、歸類文中話題相關(guān)詞匯，培養(yǎng)歸納、聯(lián)想等有效的學習策略。

2. 品讀語言，對標題的修辭手法、豐富內(nèi)涵，深入探究與分析沙克爾頓為了讓隊員能安全返回所付出的努力和智慧，評判沙克爾頓應該被獎勵還是受懲罰。培養(yǎng)真、善、美和領(lǐng)導力意識，提高思維品質(zhì)。

3. 結(jié)合文本語言，尤其是直接引語和表示動作與情緒的表達，分辨三人物的性格特征，并完善有關(guān)這三人的海報，最后通過撰寫申請書，描寫自己曾經(jīng)遇到的逆境和堅韌的精神，爭取赴貴州短期支教的資格，對主題內(nèi)容和語言進行遷移創(chuàng)造，提高思維品質(zhì)和語言能力。

三、教學過程

Activity1: Reviewing the writing assignment of period 1.

本活動為實現(xiàn)課時教學目標1作鋪墊。

Reviewand give comments on a qualified writing piece, which includes:

1. a themeabout adversity, perseverance and courage,

2. 1stperson presentation,

3. featuredwords and expressions related to the theme, and

4. anending in which “we” were saved by the captain.

Groupthe featured words and expressions into 4 kinds, person, adversity, environmentand emotions.

【設計意圖】此活動是熱身環(huán)節(jié)，作為第一課時作業(yè)的評講。學生需要反思自己在主題、語言、內(nèi)容與結(jié)構(gòu)上是否合理，一方面復現(xiàn)了目標詞匯，鞏固了主線和結(jié)構(gòu)意識，另一方面也自然過渡到本節(jié)課的重點——品讀語言，分析并歸納三位人物在面對逆境時的態(tài)度以及所展現(xiàn)的品質(zhì)。

Activity2: Tasting the title.

本活動旨在落實課時目標2。

Look atthe title, discuss in groups and report answers to the whole class.

1. Whatfigure of speech is it? Is it a good title? Why or why not?

2. Whatdid they succeed in doing and what did they fail to do?

3. Whocontributed to the safe return of all members?

4. Howdid he make it? Please illustrate with evidence from the text.

5. Shouldhe be rewarded for taking the crew back safe or punished for failure to make itto Antarctica?

【設計意圖】作業(yè)講評后，教師引導學生重回課本，深入解讀標題所采用的Oxymoron (矛盾修辭法)，如successfulvs failure、safe return of all crewmembers vs not reaching Antarctica，以及其豐富的內(nèi)涵，探索沙克爾頓面對逆境時的態(tài)度和身先士卒、堅忍不拔的品質(zhì)。通過分析概括文本對應的內(nèi)容，總結(jié)出沙克爾頓在面對極度惡劣的環(huán)境時的堅韌、冷靜和先人后己的崇高品質(zhì)，引導學生做真、善、美之人，培養(yǎng)學生在面對困難時應有的正確的價值觀。最后對沙克爾頓放棄南極改為把隊員安全送返的做法作出評判。

Activity 3: Analysing the characters and makingposters.

本活動旨在落實課時目標3。

1. Studentssplit into three groups, and look at the three characters’ words and actions accordingly.What personal qualities did each exhibit? Support your answers with examples fromthe text.

Sampleanalyses:

(1)Q:Why didn’t Shackleton want to turn back when he caught me in the ship?

A: Becausehe only focused on his goal and didn’t like being interrupted. So, our conclusionis that Shackleton was a focused and bold person.

(2) Q:What feelings did the sentence “Hold on Perce. Don’t you go turning into anotherTom.” tell us?

A: Itcarries a strong sense of understanding, patient and kind warning. So, we can sayFrank Wild was a kind, patient and understanding man.

2. TheCity Drama Club is planning to put on a play about Shackleton’s Antarctica Expeditionin different high schools. They ask for posters of the 3 main roles. Work with membersof the other two groups, share your answers and make posters of the 3 charactersfor the club.

【設計意圖】學生再次回歸文本，分角色重新梳理信息，再通過小組討論，分析論證、概括判斷，挖掘三個人物各自值得學習的品質(zhì)，學會在逆境中如何有勇有謀、身先士卒、不屈不撓。最后以完善人物海報的方式進行各組的展示呈現(xiàn)，學生在活動中實踐了小組互助交流和分工協(xié)作的團隊精神。