Unit 5 The Value of Money- Discovering Useful Structure教學設計

The theme of thesection is “Express modality and talk about future events in the past”.

In the dailyconversations, the modal verbs are often used to express our emotions orfeelings, attitudes, requirements, order, will, advice, intention, obligationand possibility, etc. So it is necessary for students to guided to learn modalverbs. The part also involves the past future tense, so the structure “would+do”and “was/were going to+ do” needs paying more attention to, which is used toexpress the future events took place in the past. The past future tense issimilar to the the present future tense, which makes it easier to learn andunderstand.

課件教案

1. Learn the definition, structure, functionsand features ofmodal verbs and past future tense.

2. Learn to summarize the usage of modal verbs, especially guessing thepast events.

1. Learn the definition, structure, functionsand features ofmodal verbs and past future tense..

2. Learnto summarize the usage of modal verbs, especially guessing the past events.

Part A Modal verbs

Step 1 Definition of modal verbs

According the literal interpretation of modal verbs, we can know thatits definition is: modal verbs means the speaker’s tone, emotion or attitude tosome kind of action and state, expressing requirement, obligation, intentionand so on.(望文生義，情態(tài)動詞表示說話人對某一動作和狀態(tài)的情感態(tài)度和語氣, 表示“需要、應當、可以、必須等。)

Step 2 Kind of modal verbs

原形	過去式	詞義
can	could	能；能夠
may	might	可以；或許；可能
must		必須；一定是
will	would	將；將要；愿意
shall	should	應該
need		需要；必要
dare	dared	敢；敢于
have to	had to	不得不；必須
ought to		應該
used to		過去常常

Step 3 Functions of modal verbs

Underline the modal verbs in the followingsentences and understand its definition and functions.

1.Roderick:Young man, would you step inside a moment, please ?（表委婉請求）

2.Rodercik: Ifyou don’t mind, may I ask you how much money you have ?（表委婉請求）

3.Henry: Itmay seem lucky to you. Now if you’ll excuse me, I ought to be onmy way.
（表推測） (表委婉請求)

4.Roderick:You mustn’t think we don’t care about you. (表推測)

5.May you have good journey!(表祝愿)

Summary:情態(tài)動詞表示委婉請求，推測、祝愿、建議、意愿、禁止等。

Step 4 Basic usageof modal verbs
1．不能單獨作謂語，除ought to和used to以外，后面只能接不帶to的不定式

2．沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。但有些情態(tài)動詞，如can，will，dare有一般時和過去時的變化。

3．情態(tài)動詞的“時態(tài)”的形式并不是區(qū)分時間的主要標志。不少情況下，情態(tài)動詞的現(xiàn)在時形式和過去時形式都可用來表示現(xiàn)在時間、過去時間或?qū)頃r間

Step 5 More about modal verbs

1．can和could

(1)表示能力，常譯為“能，會” 例如：

I can speak Japanese。but I can’t write it．我會說日語，但是不會寫

(2)表示允許，常譯為“可以”；could還可以表示更加委婉地請求或許可例如：

① 一Can／Could I have a look at your photos?我可以看看你的照片嗎?

一0f course you can．當然可以了。

②You can smoke in this room．你可以在這間屋子里吸煙

(3)表示對現(xiàn)在或過去情況的推測，只用于疑問句或否定句中例如：

①一Can she be in the classroom?她可能在教室嗎?

一NO，she can’t be in it．不，她不可能在教室里。

②Can what he said be true?他說的可能是真的嗎?

(4)用于肯定的陳述旬中，表示理論上或習慣上的可能性。例如：

①Accidents can happen at any time．事故隨時會發(fā)生

②It could be very interesting to go out for a drive．

出去開車兜風可能會很有趣 (could比call的可能性小)

辨析 can(could)/be ableto

(1)can只有現(xiàn)在時和過去時could．而be able to則有更多的時態(tài)變化，在將來時，完成時和非謂語動詞中只能用be able to。

(2)can一般指自身具有的能力。而be able to則表示經(jīng)過一段時間的努力后所具有的能力，相當于manage to do或succeed in doing。例如：

①This time l failed in the exam，but I’11 be able to pass the exam nexttime．這次我考試不及格．但下次我能考試及格 (經(jīng)過努力)

②She said she regretted not being ableto use the computer well．她說她很后悔不會很好地使用電腦

(3)否定結(jié)構(gòu)中was/were able to 與could沒有區(qū)別。例如：

①She ran fast but she couldn’t/wasn’table to catch the bus．她跑得很快可還是沒能趕上公共汽車

②The young man couldn’t carry the bigstone．這個年輕人搬不動那塊大石頭。(指本身的能力)

2.may／might

(1)表示許可或征詢對方許可，常譯成“可以”。表示征詢許可時，may 可與can／could換用．might比may的語氣更委婉一些．對其一般疑問句的肯定回答可用may或can．否定回答時要用mustn’t或can’t．mustn’t表示“不可以”“禁止”之意例如：

①You may go home now．現(xiàn)在你可以回家了

②May/ Might I have a word with you? 我可以和你談談嗎?

③一May 1 come in? 我可以進來嗎?

一Yes，you may／can.進來。

一No, you can’t／mustn’t．你不能。

(2)may常用于祈使句中表示祝愿例如：

①May you succeed!祝你成功!

②May God bless you l!愿上帝保佑你!

(3)表示對現(xiàn)在或過去情況的推測，一般只用于肯定句中，may not表示“可能不”之意。might比may可能性小

①He may be very busy now．他現(xiàn)在可能很忙

②一Why hasn’t he come?他為什么還沒來?

一He may have missed the train.他可能沒趕上火車吧

3．will /would

(1)表示請求、建議，用于第二人稱疑問勻中．would比will語氣更委婉。例如：

①Will you call back later．please?請過一會兒再打過來好嗎?

②Would you like a cup of coffee?你想來杯咖啡嗎?

(2)表示意志、愿望和決心，有“愿；要”之意．would表示過去的意愿和決心。例如：

1will do my best to help you．我愿盡我最大努力幫助你

(3)表示習慣性動作或某種傾向。would表示過去習慣性的動作或傾向

①Oil will float on water．油總是浮在水上

②On Sunday he would go to the park to play chess．以前每到星期天他總是到公園去下棋

(4)(表示功用或能力)能。

①The room will seat 100 persons．這個屋子能坐下100人。

②The door won’t open．這門打不開

Exercise: 用may, might, can, could 填空
1. They (can/might) ___________be away for the weekend but I’m not sure.(表________)

2. You (may/might)__________leave now if you wish.(表________)

3. (could/may)__________you open the window a bit, please?(表________)

4. He (can/could)__________be from America, judging by his accent.(表________)

5. (may/can) ___________youswim?(表________)

6. Listen, please. You (maynot/might not) _________________ speak during this exam.(表________)

7. They (can not/may not) _______________still be out, the light is on in the house.(表________)

8. You (couldn’t/might not) _________________ smokeon the bus.(表________)

9. With luck, tomorrow(can/could) __________be a cooler day.(表________)

10. You (can/might)___________ be right, but I’m going back to check it.(表________)

Answers: 1.might 表推測 2. may 表許可 3.could 表請求 4.could 表能力
5. can 表能力 6. may not 表不允許 7. can’t 表推測，不可能
8. couldn’t 表許可 9. could 表推測 10.might 表推測

4．shall／should

(1)shall用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見或向?qū)Ψ秸埵尽＠纾?/p>

①What shall we do this evening?我們今晚干什么呢?

②When shall he be able to leave thehospital?他什么時間能離開醫(yī)院?

(2)shall用于第二、第三人稱，表示說話人給對方命令、警告、允諾或威脅。例如：

①You shall fail if you don’t work hard．如果你不努力學習你會考試不及格 (警告)

②You shall not leave your post．你不得離開崗位。(命令)

③He shall have the book when I finish reading it．當我讀完這本書時他可以拿走 (允許)

④He shall be punished．他將受到懲罰 (威脅)

(3)should表示勸告、建議、命令，其同義詞是ought to；在疑問句中，通常用should代替ought to，意為“應該”。(還常用于虛擬語氣中) 例如：

①You shouldn’t have left so soon. 你不應當走得這么早

②Sal suggested that we should go for a swim．薩爾建議我們?nèi)ビ斡?/p>

(4)should表示推測，可能。這種推測往往有一定的根據(jù)。含有“按道理應當”之意。例如：

①They should be at home by now for they have been away fortwo hours．現(xiàn)在他們該到家了，因為他們離開兩個小時了

②If the train is on time，she should arrive in Beijing by seven．如果火車準點的話，她應該7點前到達北京。

5．must／can’t

(1)must表示“必須；必要”．用于一般疑問句中，肯定回答用must。否定回答要用needn’t或don’t have to。例如：

—Mustwe hand in our exercise today?我們必須今天上交練習嗎?

—Yes,you must．是的，你們必須。

一No, you needn’t／don’t have to．不，你們不必。

(2)mustn’t表示“不允許；禁止”。例如：

Youmustn’t lend the new book to others．你不許把這本新書借給別人。

(3)有時must表示“偏要；硬要；偏偏”，指做令人不快的事情。例如：

Mustyou shout so loudly? 你非要這么大聲嚷嚷嗎?

(4)must表示推測時。只能用于肯定句，意為“一定；肯定”。作此解時，must的否定形式不是mustn’t，而是can’t／couldn’t。例如：

①They must be anxious to know the result．他們一定急于知道結(jié)果。

②一I think the news must be true．我想這個消息一定是真的

一No，it can’t be true．不，它肯定不是真的。

Exercise: 用will, would, shall, should, must 填空
1. We __________ smoke here, because the worker is carrying some petrol.(表________)

2. It is dangerous. You__________ leave the room immediately.(表________)

3. He ___________ go hikingwith friends at weekends when young.(表________)

4. Write to me when you gethome.

---I___________.(表________)

5.---Need I hand in myexercise book at once?

---Yes, you__________.(表________)

6. You have been workingall day. You __________ be very tired.(表________)

7. It is a long time sincewe met last time. You __________ come and see us more often.(表________)

8. Why don’t you try on this dress? It _________look nice on you.(表________)

Answers: 1. mustn’t 表禁止 2.should 表建議，命令 3.would 過去習慣
4. will 表意愿 5. must 表必須 6.must 表推測 7.should 表建議 8.will 表將會

6．need

(1) 用作情態(tài)動詞, need意為“需要, 有必要”, 一般用于否定句或疑問句中。疑問句中把need提前, 否定形式是在need后加not。

You needn’t come here this afternoon. 你今天下午不必來。

(2) 用作實意動詞, 意為“需要, 有必要”, 可以用于各種句式中。

You don’t needto go now. 你不必現(xiàn)在就走。

7．dare

(1) dare作情態(tài)動詞時, 常用于疑問句、否定句和條件從句中, 過去式形式為dared。

How dare you sayI’m unfair? 你怎么敢說我不公平?

He daren’t speak English before such a crowd,dare he? 他不敢在這么多人面前說英語, 是嗎?

(2)dare作實義動詞用時, 有人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。在肯定句中, dare后面常接帶to的不定式。在疑問句和否定句中, dare后面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。

He doesn’t dare (to) answer. 他不敢回答。

Exercise:

1. —Must I stay here? —No, you _______.

2. You _____not be told twiceabout one single thing.

3. Sarah doesn’t ______ handin her task right now.

4. How ____you fight againsthim?

5. No one ____say he had nothingon.

6. I _____ to swim across thisriver

Answers: 1. needn’t 2. need 3.need 4. dare 5. dare 6. dare

8.情態(tài)動詞+have done

(1)can(could)+have done的疑問或否定形式表示對過去發(fā)生的行為的懷疑或否定，另外could have done還表示“過去本能夠做，但實際上未做……”。例如：

①He can’t／couldn’t have finished so much work in so short a time．

他不可能在這么短的時間內(nèi)完成如此多的工作。

②Where can／could they have gone? 他們會到哪去了呢?

③We could have gone there on foot．A taxi wasn’t necessary at a11．

本來我們可以走著去那兒根本沒有必要乘出租車

(2)may(might)+have done表示對過去所發(fā)生事情的推測。例如：

①He may have said so．他可能這么說過。

②That was too dangerous．You might have killed yourself．那太危險了。你當時可能會喪命的

(3)should+have done表示過去本應該做而實際上未做，而shouldn’t+have done表示過去本不應潑做但實際上做了。

例如：①You should have started earlier．你本應該早點動身。

②You shouldn’t have lent him money yesterday．昨天你本不該把錢借給他。

(4)must+have done表示對過去發(fā)生情況的肯定推測。

例如： It must have rained last night．昨晚肯定下雨了

Part B The future past tense

Step 1 Definition

According to the literal interpretation,the definition of the future past tense is: the action or state would takeplace or happen after a certain past time point, which is often used in theobjective clause.（過去將來時表示從過去某一時間來看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài), 常用在賓語從句中。）

Step 2 Structure

1.would/should+ do

2.was/were going to+do

3.was/were about to+do

4.was/were to+ do

5.was/were +doing

Other forms:

肯定結(jié)構(gòu)	1. would/should+do 2. Was/were going to do
否定結(jié)構(gòu)	1.wouldn’t/shouldn’t+do 2. wasn’t/weren’t going to do
一般疑問結(jié)構(gòu)	1. Would/Should＋主語＋do 2. Was/Were ＋主語＋ going to do
特殊疑問結(jié)構(gòu)	1. 特殊疑問詞＋would/should＋主語＋do 2. 特殊疑問詞＋was/were ＋主語＋ going to do