材料 在唐朝前期的一百多年中,經(jīng)濟發(fā)展迅速,社會呈現(xiàn)繁榮景象。唐朝時期,漢族和一些北方少數(shù)民族雜居、通婚,西北、西南等地區(qū)一些少數(shù)民族建立的政權(quán),與唐王朝保持著友好而密切的聯(lián)系,民族之間的交融進一步發(fā)展。當時的社會風(fēng)氣比較開放,一些婦女受過詩書、音樂等方面的教育,喜好騎馬、打球、拔河等活動。唐朝是中國歷史上詩歌創(chuàng)作的黃金時代,書法、繪畫、音樂、歌舞、石窟和雕刻等方面的藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作成就斐然。唐朝對外交往比較活躍,與亞洲以至非洲、歐洲的一些國家都有住來,都城長安是一座國際性的大都市,是中外經(jīng)濟文化交流中心。唐朝在世界上享有很高聲望,各國稱中國人為“唐人”。----摘編自《中國歷史教師教學(xué)用書》請回答:根據(jù)材料并結(jié)合所學(xué)知識,概括盛唐氣象的表現(xiàn)。簡析盛唐氣象出現(xiàn)的原因。
材料一:在隋唐發(fā)明印刷術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上,北宋時期,中國發(fā)明了膠泥活字印刷木,其“一板印刷,一板已布字。更互用之,瞬息可就”,而且原材料消耗大為降低。元朝時,王禎又發(fā)明了木活字,并創(chuàng)造了排字“轉(zhuǎn)盤”。明清時期,還出現(xiàn)了錫活字、鉛活字、鋼活字等印刷技術(shù)的新嘗試。1440~1448年之間,德國人谷騰堡發(fā)明了鉛活字印刷術(shù)?!幾渣S悅翎、匡導(dǎo)球:《造紙術(shù)和活字印刷術(shù)在歐洲的傳播及其影響》等材料二:①1550年歐洲學(xué)者約維斯說:在廣州的印刷工人采用與我們相同的方法,印刷各種書籍。②20世紀出土的敦煌回鶻文木活字,據(jù)考證,這些“字母活字”實物出現(xiàn)的年代大約為12世紀末到13世紀上半葉。③有學(xué)者認為:中國的活字印刷術(shù)向西是經(jīng)過西域傳到波斯、埃及直至歐洲的。(1)材料一中,隋唐發(fā)明的“印刷術(shù)”指什么?“膠泥活字印刷術(shù)”是誰發(fā)明的?
材料二 德美兩國在第二次科技革命中站在了世界的前沿。全民教育為德國培了高素度的國民,大學(xué)給德國帶來了創(chuàng)造和發(fā)明。19世紀的德國引領(lǐng)了第二次工業(yè)革命,德國經(jīng)濟出現(xiàn)了跨越式的發(fā)展,1910年德國的工業(yè)總量超越了所有歐洲國家。美國第一次把專利權(quán)寫進了憲法,用國家根本大法來保護發(fā)明創(chuàng)造,也保護和激發(fā)了整個社會的創(chuàng)造熱情,第二次工業(yè)革命中,美國以重大科枝發(fā)明為基礎(chǔ),迅速趕上并超過了歐洲各國,成為世界第一大經(jīng)濟強國。------電視紀錄片《大國強起》解說詞材料三 中國人民是具有偉大創(chuàng)造精神的民族。鄧稼先、袁隆平、錢學(xué)森等許多科學(xué)家為中國科技的發(fā)展做出了重要貢獻(1)結(jié)合所學(xué)知識,從材料一中任選兩項發(fā)明成果,概括其對世界文明產(chǎn)生的影響。(不得抄材料原文)(2)根據(jù)材料二,分別概括出德國和美國科技發(fā)展的原因,并結(jié)合所學(xué)知識各舉出一項發(fā)明成果。(3)從材料三中任選一位科學(xué)家做簡要介紹。
對外政策是影響國家發(fā)展的重要因素之一。結(jié)合所學(xué)知識,回答問題。(1)宋元時期中外交往頻繁,海外貿(mào)易發(fā)達,請列出這一時期聞名世界的大商港或大都市的名稱。(2)乾隆帝在致英國國王喬治三世的信函中談到,“天朝物產(chǎn)豐盈,無所不有,原不藉外夷貨物以通有無”。這反映出當時清政府實行的對外政策是什么?該政策對中國的社會發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了怎樣的影響?(3)如圖所示通商口岸是在哪次戰(zhàn)爭后被迫開放的?這場戰(zhàn)爭使中國的社會性質(zhì)發(fā)生了怎樣的變化?(4)1995年世界貿(mào)易組織成立,這反映出世界經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的趨勢是什么?2001年中國加入該組織,體現(xiàn)了我國實行怎樣的對外政策?
1. 改革是國家發(fā)展的動力。閱讀下列材料:材料一:19世紀60年代開始的這場……自強運動還是給中國的窗戶開了一條縫,風(fēng)的確是吹進來了,也奠定了中國工業(yè)的一個初步基礎(chǔ),讓中國人看到了什么是西方工業(yè)。--摘自張鳴《重說中國近代史》材料二:20世紀50年代我國經(jīng)濟成分變化表(%)(1)材料一中的“運動”指的是哪場運動?這場運動的主張與魏源在哪本書里提出的思想相似?同一時期,俄國進行的改革與中國這場運動的結(jié)果有什么不同?
材料二 臺灣與大陸血肉相連,同根同源,是不可分割的……1984年2月,鄧小平明確指出,祖國統(tǒng)一后,“臺灣仍搞它的資本主義,大陸搞社會主義,但是是一個統(tǒng)一的中國”?!?992年,海峽兩岸達成“九二共識”,有力推進了兩岸關(guān)系的發(fā)展?!木幾栽缆窗娼滩摹吨袊鴼v史》八年級下冊請回答:(1)讀材料一,請指出圖一是什么文字?(1分)圖二是哪位皇帝采取的改革措施?(1分)這一措施有哪些歷史作用?(2分)(2)材料二中提到了我國實行的哪一項基本國策?(1分)這一基本國策在哪兩個地區(qū)已經(jīng)成功踐行?(2分)材料二中“九二共識”的含義是什么?(1分)
1)觀察下圖,請將下列地點的英文字母代號填入答題卡圖中對應(yīng)的方框內(nèi)。(2分)A.20世紀80年代設(shè)置的對外開放的窗口:深圳經(jīng)濟特區(qū)。B.20世紀90年代設(shè)置的擴大開放的窗口:上海浦東新區(qū)(2)河北雄安新區(qū)是繼深圳經(jīng)濟特區(qū)和上海浦東新區(qū)之后又一具有全國意義的新區(qū),目的之一,是打造擴大開放的新高地。仔細觀察該圖并結(jié)合設(shè)置時間,指出上述三區(qū)設(shè)置的特點。(1分)
材料一 祭孔是民間的一種對先賢的尊敬和反思的紀念活動,祭祀大成至圣先師孔子的典禮,稱為“釋奠禮”。釋、奠都有陳設(shè),意思指在祭典中陳設(shè)音樂、舞蹈,并且呈牲、酒等祭品,對孔子表示崇敬之意。——《中國古代史資料匯編》材料二 陳獨秀指出:“主張尊孔,勢必立君,主張立君,勢必復(fù)辟……”“孔教與共和存其一必廢其一?!薄靶挛幕\動期間,有人甚至提出‘打倒孔家店’的口號?!薄吨袊焚Y料匯編》
Once, herfather took her to the kitchen. He asked Jane to take a potato, an egg ____11____two spoons of tea leaves. Jane was ____12____, and asked her father, “Doyou want me to cook?”
Electric cars may seem like a recent invention,but they have been around for years. In the early 1900s, there were ___16___electric cars on the road than gasoline(汽油)cars, because at that time,gasoline was expensive compared with other fuels(燃料), electriccars were more popular.
Michelle,a famous lady, has found that more than 25% students are too fat in hercountry. It is a very serious problem. So she starts a Health Program to dealwith it. The Health Program is to reduce the number of fat students today andin the future.
Theoil paper umbrella is a traditional Chinese handicraft(手工藝品).It has a history of over 1,000 years in China.In early TangDynasty, it was introduced to Japan and Korea, so it was called the “TangUmbrella”. Later oil paper umbrellas were spread to other Asian countries, suchas Vietnam, Thailand and Laos, and each had its own style. However, assteel-ribbed(鋼骨的)umbrellas appeared in the last century, thehand-made oil paper umbrellas became less used in daily life. They were turnedinto decorative artifacts(裝飾性工藝品).
The fantasticman-made “forest” is a Singapore landmark. It is made from steel and concrete(水泥) covered in localflowers and plants. At night, 18 solar-powered tree-like towers which get theirenergy from the sun often light up the city.
There was an old oak tree in the garden. Holly’sfather wanted to cut it down and build a new office there. Holly felt sad anddidn’t agree. She moved into the old tree house which was her favourite place in the world.One day, it rained all night.
Shuttlecock exercise doesnot require equipment(裝備) and is perfect for people to perform at home.Liu Genghong helps you to keep going until the last minute, and you can burnyour fat fast.
“Her daughter passed away a few days ago. Now,she can’t do the same things she used to do with her daughter. She doesn’t knowwhat to do. Even little things like making dinner and cleaning the house areharder for her to do now. Maybe you can think of a way to help her,” her mothersaid.
For a long time, I guarded the garden of peaceand quiet. When the children followed me into the garden, I would expect themto be out of sight (視野). And I would hand out tasks.
Chinese taikonauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping andYe Guangfu carried out the Shenzhou-13 spaceflight mission (任務(wù)) that started on Oct. 15,2021. This mission lasts 6 months, which was also a national record.
Chinese taikonauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping andYe Guangfu carried out the Shenzhou-13 spaceflight mission (任務(wù)) that started on Oct. 15,2021. This mission lasts 6 months, which was also a national record. Zhai isthe commander (指令長)who performed China’s first spacewalk in the Shenzhou-7 mission in 2008.
Paper cutting or tearing is a cultural traditionin China. For centuries, it has been passed down from one generation(一代人) tothe next, especially from mothers to daughters.