解析:(1)首先提取公因式13,進(jìn)而求出即可;(2)首先提取公因式20.15,進(jìn)而求出即可.解:(1)39×37-13×91=3×13×37-13×91=13×(3×37-91)=13×20=260;(2)29×20.15+72×20.15+13×20.15-20.15×14=20.15×(29+72+13-14)=2015.方法總結(jié):在計算求值時,若式子各項都含有公因式,用提取公因式的方法可使運算簡便.三、板書設(shè)計1.公因式多項式各項都含有的相同因式叫這個多項式各項的公因式.2.提公因式法如果一個多項式的各項有公因式,可以把這個公因式提到括號外面,這種因式分解的方法叫做提公因式法.本節(jié)中要給學(xué)生留出自主學(xué)習(xí)的空間,然后引入稍有層次的例題,讓學(xué)生進(jìn)一步感受因式分解與整式的乘法是逆過程,從而可用整式的乘法檢查錯誤.本節(jié)課在對例題的探究上,提倡引導(dǎo)學(xué)生合作交流,使學(xué)生發(fā)揮群體的力量,以此提高教學(xué)效果.
解析:正多邊形的邊心距、半徑、邊長的一半正好構(gòu)成直角三角形,根據(jù)勾股定理就可以求解.解:(1)設(shè)正三角形ABC的中心為O,BC切⊙O于點D,連接OB、OD,則OD⊥BC,BD=DC=a.則S圓環(huán)=π·OB2-π·OD2=πOB2-OD2=π·BD2=πa2;(2)只需測出弦BC(或AC,AB)的長;(3)結(jié)果一樣,即S圓環(huán)=πa2;(4)S圓環(huán)=πa2.方法總結(jié):正多邊形的計算,一般是過中心作邊的垂線,連接半徑,把內(nèi)切圓半徑、外接圓半徑、邊心距,中心角之間的計算轉(zhuǎn)化為解直角三角形.變式訓(xùn)練:見《學(xué)練優(yōu)》本課時練習(xí)“課后鞏固提升”第4題【類型四】 圓內(nèi)接正多邊形的實際運用如圖①,有一個寶塔,它的地基邊緣是周長為26m的正五邊形ABCDE(如圖②),點O為中心(下列各題結(jié)果精確到0.1m).(1)求地基的中心到邊緣的距離;(2)已知塔的墻體寬為1m,現(xiàn)要在塔的底層中心建一圓形底座的塑像,并且留出最窄處為1.6m的觀光通道,問塑像底座的半徑最大是多少?
(1)寫出平均每天銷售(y)箱與每箱售價x(元)之間的函數(shù)關(guān)系式.(注明范圍)(2)求出商場平均每天銷售這種牛奶的利潤W(元)與每箱牛奶的售價x(元)之間的二次函數(shù)關(guān)系式(每箱的利潤=售價-進(jìn)價).(3)求出(2)中二次函數(shù)圖象的頂點坐標(biāo),并求當(dāng)x=40,70時W的值.在坐標(biāo)系中畫出函數(shù)圖象的草圖.(4)由函數(shù)圖象可以看出,當(dāng)牛奶售價為多少時,平均每天的利潤最大?最大利潤為多少?解:(1)當(dāng)40≤x≤50時,則降價(50-x)元,則可多售出3(50-x),所以y=90+3(50-x)=-3x+240.當(dāng)50<x≤70時,則升高(x-50)元,則可少售3(x-50)元,所以y=90-3(x-50)=-3x+240.因此,當(dāng)40≤x≤70時,y=-3x+240.(2)當(dāng)每箱售價為x元時,每箱利潤為(x-40)元,平均每天的利潤為W=(240-3x)(x-40)=-3x2+360x-9600.
當(dāng)然,在討論的過程中,對個別學(xué)生要及時點撥利用相似三角形對應(yīng)邊的關(guān)系來求AD,至于S與x的關(guān)系式自然是水到渠成了。接著讓同學(xué)們以小組為單位,派出代表展示自己的討論成果。然后我進(jìn)一步拋出重點問題3)這里S與x是一種什么函數(shù)關(guān)系?當(dāng)x 取何值時,S的值最大?最大值是多少?這個例題和剛才的做一做非常相似。那么要求矩形的面積 就必須知道矩形的長和寬,通過學(xué)生的思考、討論、大家都明白了S與x的關(guān)系一定是二次函數(shù),要求面積的最大值,也就是求二次函數(shù)的最大值,這樣就將實際問題轉(zhuǎn)化為數(shù)學(xué)問題了.簡單的小組交流過后,同學(xué)們爭先恐后表達(dá)自己的觀點:有的小組利用的是配方法,有的小組直接利用二次函數(shù)的頂點坐標(biāo)求出了最大面積。 ,我及時的鼓勵學(xué)生:大家真的很棒,老師為你們驕傲,請再接再厲。
(8)物價部門規(guī)定,此新型通訊產(chǎn)品售價不得高于每件80元。在此情況下,售價定為多少元時,該公司可獲得最大利潤?最大利潤為多少萬元?若該公司計劃年初投入進(jìn)貨成本m不超過200萬元,請你分析一下,售價定為多少元,公司獲利最大?售價定為多少元,公司獲利最少?三、小練兵:某商場經(jīng)營某種品牌的童裝,購進(jìn)時的單價是60元.根據(jù)市場調(diào)查,銷售量y(件)與銷售單價x(元)之間的函數(shù)關(guān)系式為y= –20 x +1800.(1)寫出銷售該品牌童裝獲得的利潤w(元)與銷售單價x(元)之間的函數(shù)關(guān)系式;(2)若童裝廠規(guī)定該品牌童裝銷售單價不低于76元,不高于78元,那么商場銷售該品牌童裝獲得的最大利潤是多少元?(3)若童裝廠規(guī)定該品牌童裝銷售單價不低于76元,且商場要完成不少于240件的銷售任務(wù),那么商場銷售該品牌童裝獲得的最大利潤是多少元?
③設(shè)每件襯衣降價x元,獲得的利潤為y元,則定價為 元 ,每件利潤為 元 ,每星期多賣 件,實際賣出 件。所以Y= 。(0<X<20)何時有最大利潤,最大利潤為多少元?比較以上兩種可能,襯衣定價多少元時,才能使利潤最大?☆ 歸納反思 ☆總結(jié)得出求最值問題的一般步驟:(1)列出二次函數(shù)的解析式,并根據(jù)自變量的實際意義,確定自變量的取值范圍;(2)在自變量的取值范圍內(nèi),運用公式法或通過配方法求出二次函數(shù)的最值?!? 達(dá)標(biāo)檢測 ☆ 1、用長為6m的鐵絲做成一個邊長為xm的矩形,設(shè)矩形面積是ym2,,則y與x之間函數(shù)關(guān)系式為 ,當(dāng)邊長為 時矩形面積最大.2、藍(lán)天汽車出租公司有200輛出租車,市場調(diào)查表明:當(dāng)每輛車的日租金為300元時可全部租出;當(dāng)每輛車的日租金提高10元時,每天租出的汽車會相應(yīng)地減少4輛.問每輛出租車的日租金提高多少元,才會使公司一天有最多的收入?
(2)問銷售該商品第幾天時,當(dāng)天銷售利潤最大,最大利潤是多少?解析:(1)分1≤x<50和50≤x≤90兩種情況進(jìn)行討論,利用利潤=每件的利潤×銷售的件數(shù),即可求得函數(shù)的解析式;(2)利用(1)得到的兩個解析式,結(jié)合二次函數(shù)與一次函數(shù)的性質(zhì)分別求得最值,然后兩種情況下取最大的即可.解:(1)當(dāng)1≤x<50時,y=(200-2x)(x+40-30)=-2x2+180x+2000;當(dāng)50≤x≤90時,y=(200-2x)(90-30)=-120x+12000.綜上所述,y=-2x2+180x+2000(1≤x<50),-120x+12000(50≤x≤90);(2)當(dāng)1≤x<50時,y=-2x2+180x+2000,二次函數(shù)開口向下,對稱軸為x=45,當(dāng)x=45時,y最大=-2×452+180×45+2000=6050;當(dāng)50≤x≤90時,y=-120x+12000,y隨x的增大而減小,當(dāng)x=50時,y最大=6000.綜上所述,銷售該商品第45天時,當(dāng)天銷售利潤最大,最大利潤是6050元.方法總結(jié):本題考查了二次函數(shù)的應(yīng)用,讀懂表格信息、理解利潤的計算方法,即利潤=每件的利潤×銷售的件數(shù),是解決問題的關(guān)鍵.
如圖所示,要用長20m的鐵欄桿,圍成一個一面靠墻的長方形花圃,怎么圍才能使圍成的花圃的面積最大?如果花圃垂直于墻的一邊長為xm,花圃的面積為ym2,那么y=x(20-2x).試問:x為何值時,才能使y的值最大?二、合作探究探究點一:二次函數(shù)y=ax2+bx+c的最值已知二次函數(shù)y=ax2+4x+a-1的最小值為2,則a的值為()A.3 B.-1 C.4 D.4或-1解析:∵二次函數(shù)y=ax2+4x+a-1有最小值2,∴a>0,y最小值=4ac-b24a=4a(a-1)-424a=2,整理,得a2-3a-4=0,解得a=-1或4.∵a>0,∴a=4.故選C.方法總結(jié):求二次函數(shù)的最大(小)值有三種方法,第一種是由圖象直接得出,第二種是配方法,第三種是公式法.變式訓(xùn)練:見《學(xué)練優(yōu)》本課時練習(xí)“課堂達(dá)標(biāo)訓(xùn)練” 第1題探究點二:利用二次函數(shù)求圖形面積的最大值【類型一】 利用二次函數(shù)求矩形面積的最大值
5、課本練習(xí):P129引導(dǎo)學(xué)生運用隨機(jī)數(shù)表來模擬試驗過程并給予解答。問題2:有四個鬮,其中兩個分別代表兩件獎品,四個人按順序依次抓鬮來決定這兩件獎品的歸屬,先抓的人中獎率一定大嗎?教法:可組織學(xué)生用試驗的方法來說明問題,對于試驗的結(jié)果是有說服力的,很容易使學(xué)生相信摸獎的次序?qū)χ歇劦母怕蕸]有影響。問題3:彩民甲研究了近幾期這種體育彩票的中獎號碼,發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)字06和08出現(xiàn)的次數(shù)最多,他認(rèn)為,06和08是“幸運號碼”,因此,他在所買的每一注彩票中都選上了06和08。你認(rèn)為他這樣做有道理嗎?教法說明:要讓學(xué)生看到試驗方法對試驗結(jié)果的影響:1、 因為開獎用的36個球是均勻的、無差別的,所以每個號碼被選為中獎號碼的可能性是一樣的,不存在“幸運號碼”。
Teaching Goal:1. General aims:Talk about recent past events2. Particular aims:A. Language Focus.Talk about recent past events and think of the past events.B. Language goalsHow was….?It was …What did …do over the weekend?C. Language structures:(1). How was your weekend? I was great. Pay attention to no form.(2). What did you do over the weekend? I played soccer. We went to the beach.D. Useful words and phrases:Words: was, did, went, beach, over, project, test, wasn’t, false, number, geography, spend, week, most, mixture, their, had, little, cook, read, saw, change, everyone, sit, sat, no, anythingPhrases: did one’s homework, played soccer, cleaned my room, went to the beach, played tennis, went to the movies, on Saturday morning, over the weekend, cook … for, what about, do some reading, have a party, talk show, go shoppingE. Grammar language:Present simple past tenseRegular and irregular verbsF. Learning strategies:Tour and holidaysG. Interdiscipinary:H. Emotion and manner:Teaching time: 5 periodsTeaching procedures:Period One教學(xué)步驟、時間 教師活動 學(xué)生活動 媒體應(yīng)用Step 1Free talk 3’ Ask some questions like:Who’s on duty today?What’s the weather like? Answer and talk about something.讓同學(xué)們回答下列問題1. Do you like weekend? (Let some students answer)It takes them three minutes to talk about the question.2. Why do you like weekend? (let the students answer) Most of the students like the weekend此時教師用漢語問:“在周末期間問你干了什么?這句話用英語這么回答?Let the students guess.At last the teacher give them right answer3. What did you do over the weekend?(板書、學(xué)習(xí))
所需要用到的句子:Who is that?That is Jack. I like him.Why do you like him?I like him because he is interesting.Task 4: 設(shè)計理想中的人類Step one: 設(shè)計理想中的人類的外貌。把全班同學(xué)分成若干小組,學(xué)生可以邊說邊在紙上畫出他們的模樣。Step two: 設(shè)計理想中人類的性格。學(xué)生們可以把那些能描述性格的單詞寫在圖畫的旁邊。Step three: 每組選出一名同學(xué),其他同組同學(xué)提問,他作簡單回答,并說明原因。所需用到的句子:What does he or she look like?He or she ...What is he or she like?He or she is ...Why?Because ...Task 5: 挑戰(zhàn)性活動調(diào)查性格是天生的還是后天形成的,讓每個同學(xué)回家去調(diào)查一下自己成長過程中性格是否有變化,具體是怎樣的,為什么會這樣? Teaching Aims:1. Enable students to have a general understanding of how to talk about people's physical appearance.2. Enable students to tackle some essential vocabularies and patterns about describing people. Provide them with necessary skills and methods.3. Create various chances for students to describe the persons they're familiar with, such as classmates, family members, teachers, idols, etc.
Period 2 (3a----Section B 2c)Preview(Pre-task): Key points: What laAdd another information about their pen pals----their language on the cardnguage does she/he speak?She/He speaks....Does she/he have any brothers and sisters? Does she/he speak English?Preview(Pre-task): Add another information about their pen pals----their language on the cardKey points: What language does she/he speak?She/He speaks....Does she/he have any brothers and sisters? Does she/he speak English?Step 1 Revision1.Revisionand dictation of the new words 2.Revise the drills they learned yesterday.(by pairwork and grammar exercise)Step 2 Leading-inT has a conversation with one student. The conversation is following:---Do you have a pen pal?---Yes, I do.---What's your pen pal's name? ---His/Her name is....---Where is your pen pal from? ---He/She is from...---Where does he/she live? ---He/She lives in....---What language does he/she speak?He/She speaks...Write the new words on the Bb. They are following: EnglishChineseJapaneseFrenchStep 3 LearnLearn the new words with the whole class.Finish 3a with the students3b Pairwork T still does an example with one student Then the Ss practise in pairs. The example is following:--Curry Muray is my pen pal. He is from the United States.---What language does he speak?
Don’t fight. =You can’t fight. (板書,教讀)教師把這些句子板書在黑板上,并請學(xué)生大聲整齊地讀祈使句和“can’t”句型,并讓學(xué)生注意兩種句型表達(dá)形式的不同和轉(zhuǎn)換,“Don’t …=You can’t…”;并對學(xué)生說:These are our school rules. (板書,教讀) You can’t break the school rules. Don’t break the school rules.(板書,教讀)步驟3 :Practicea. T: Now, each of the students is breaking one of these rules.Please finish 1a.學(xué)生看圖,完成1a的內(nèi)容,檢查答案并大聲朗讀校規(guī)。b. 聽錄音,完成1b,選出四位學(xué)生都違反了哪條校規(guī);聽之前,學(xué)生要讀會英文名。c. 請兩位學(xué)生朗讀1c部分的句型;要求學(xué)生兩人一組對話表演,SA扮演外校轉(zhuǎn)來新生,SB告知本校校規(guī)。(學(xué)生可經(jīng)過討論,多說出他們想到的校規(guī),不必只限于書上;教師應(yīng)給予幫助)2) 第二課時(2a~4)步驟1 :warming up of revisionT: What are the rules at your school?學(xué)生使用“can”或祈使句表達(dá)各條校規(guī);其中老師可引出“eat in the cafeteria outside”的表達(dá)。步驟2 :Practicea.T: Christina is an exchange student. She doesn’t know the rules. Let’s listen, what activities they’re talking about?學(xué)生聽第一遍時,完成2a;第二遍時,完成2b;b. 請學(xué)生領(lǐng)讀2c部分,看著2a完成的表格,理解2c活動的要求;分成小組針對2a進(jìn)行問答;
教學(xué)過程Step 1: warming-up Sing a song---------“food and drink” Step 2: Revision1 Dictation2 Revise: What kind of noodles would you like?I’d like …What size bowl of noodles would you like?I’d like…Step 3: Presentation1 show pictures of food, ask students say the words.2 Students read the newspaper ad in 3a. Fill in blanks with words in the box. Then read the ad together, the teacher explains some difficult language points.3 Check the answers Step 4 PracticeAsk students to finish 3b in the same way according to 3a. Students read the short passage and fill in the blanks .At last, check the answers.Step 5 productionAsk students to write their own ad for dumplings, noodles, drinks, and other foods they know. Then ask students to read their partner’s ad. Then order food and drink from their partner.Step 6 Home workGroup work – make an ad about “food and drink”
三、教學(xué)建議第一課時:1. Lead in (Vocabulary)A) Before class, teacher should collect some pictures of working places. For example: Bank, TV Station, Restaurant, Police Station, Hospital ...B) In class, show students the pictures (PowerPoint, OHP). Ask students to tell the name of the working places and the name of the jobs.Shop assistant, doctor, actor, reporter, police office, waiter, bank clerk, studentC) Do exercise 1a and 3a.2. Bingo GameAsk groups of students to make up pairs of cards with a job on one and the related workplace on the other. For example, waiter / restaurant, teacher / school, doctor / hospital. Encourage students to use both the job / workplace combinations in the book and the ones that students came up during class discussions. Be sure they have twice as many sets of cards as there are students in the group. They can make two sets of cards for a single job / workplace, if necessary. Then have each group mix up its set of cards and hand their cards out in random order. Each time a student gets a pair of cards that match, he or she can lay these cards down. The goal is to have no cards in your hand at the end.3. Task OneA) Ask students to work in pairs and ask the partner what does he / she want to be in the future.e. g. :What do you / does he / does she want to be?I want to be a.Why?Because it's (adj).B) Vocabulary: Section B, 1a4. Homework 1.2.
1 Each group choose one place to describe and what you are doing in it Choose one place, and describe what they are doing 2 Move around the room and give suggestions Talk about it and write it down 3 Ask one to show their works and act it Choose one of each group to make a report 4 Evaluate the best group and the best reporter Choose the best one Homework Ask your friends their ideal place and write about it教學(xué)反思:新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生在課堂中的主體地位,在綜合課中他們的主體地位就更加突出。在各個活動中給不同程度的學(xué)生不同層次的任務(wù),讓各層面的學(xué)生都有表現(xiàn)發(fā)揮的機(jī)會,從而產(chǎn)生對英語的興趣。使用照片圖片多媒體來輔助教學(xué),效果更好。同時讓了解其他國家風(fēng)景,風(fēng)俗的同學(xué)介紹ideal place,增加學(xué)生的背景知知識,實現(xiàn)跨學(xué)科交流的目的。教案點評:采用任務(wù)型教學(xué)模式,在各個活動中給不同程度的學(xué)生不同層次的任務(wù),讓各層面的學(xué)生都有表現(xiàn)發(fā)揮的機(jī)會,從而產(chǎn)生對英語的興趣。使用照片圖片多媒體來輔助教學(xué),效果更好。讓了解其他國家風(fēng)景,風(fēng)俗的同學(xué)介紹ideal place,增加學(xué)生的背景知識,實現(xiàn)跨學(xué)科交流的目的。
2.1Match the country with the language.Step II Reading3a? let the students read the letter fast and answer the questions.? Let the students ask more questions about the letter as possible as the can.Step III Writing3b.Step IV. Pairwork2cStep V Listening2a, 2bStep V. HomeworkExercises book(1) P3Exercises book (2) P3Period FourStep I . Dictate the words and sentences in Unit1.Step II. Self-checkStep III. Check the answers for Exercises book in the unit.Step IV. Home workRevise and preparation for unit 2.教學(xué)反思:通過本單元的學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生基本可以談?wù)撊藗兊膰幼〕鞘屑捌渌f的語言,通過書信方式去介紹自己并尋找筆友。但在涉及到國外的一些城市時,學(xué)生對這方面的知識相對欠缺,能介紹的城市并不多,也反應(yīng)出學(xué)生課前預(yù)習(xí)不充分,這跟學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)條件也有關(guān),大多數(shù)學(xué)生無法通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)獲取所需信息。因此,在以后的教學(xué)中要多指導(dǎo)學(xué)生通過計算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)獲取信息,拓寬知識面。
五、教學(xué)Section B-2c1. Pair work: What do you think of the belt/sunglasses/…? What does your father/mother/… think of your scarf/belt…?2. Group work(1). Teacher shows some different kinds of school uniforms (制服)and asks : “ What do you think of your school uniforms? If you have a chance to choose your school uniforms, what kind would you like to choose?”(2). Discuss in groups.(3).Get some Ss to report in class.說明:這一步旨在讓學(xué)生運用已有的語言知識談?wù)搶κ挛锏目捶ê鸵庖?,并簡單闡明理由,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的主動思維能力和運用英語的能力。六、教學(xué)拓展調(diào)查電視節(jié)目的收視率任務(wù):調(diào)查你周圍的人對現(xiàn)在各種電視節(jié)目的反響?;顒舆^程:1.教師布置任務(wù),讓學(xué)生調(diào)查周圍的人(包括他的親戚朋友和鄰居)喜歡收看哪方面的電視節(jié)目。2.學(xué)生進(jìn)行調(diào)查活動,運用本單元所學(xué)的句型What do you think of….? (Why?)What's your favorite game shows?What do you think of talk show?I doesn’t mind it.I like it.I love it.I can’t stand it.3.記錄下排在前10位的TV Program,填寫調(diào)查表,比較其收視率。
句型: Where did you go on vacation? I went to summer camp.Did she go to Central Park?Yes,she did.No, she didn’t語法:一般過去時特殊疑問句、一般疑問句及肯、否定回答。課時安排4課時第一課時:Section A:la,1b,lc,2a,2b,2c 第二課時:Section A:3a,3b,4第三課時:Section B:1,2a,2b,2c第四課時:Section B:3a,3b,3c,4 and Self Check第一課時教學(xué)目標(biāo)掌握描寫假期生活的形容詞。假期里自己所做事情的簡單表達(dá)。談?wù)摷倨谧龅氖虑榧爱?dāng)時情況。談?wù)摷倨跁r旅游的天氣,旅游者以及食物等。教學(xué)過程一、導(dǎo)入播放一首英文歌曲:Let’s travel 說明:通過讓學(xué)生聽節(jié)奏歡快迪斯尼英語歌曲Let’s travel.引入本節(jié)課談?wù)摰脑掝}vacation and travel. 讓歌曲使學(xué)生的思維活躍,增強(qiáng)課堂氣氛,激發(fā)學(xué)生提高學(xué)習(xí)英語的興趣。T:How is the trip ?Ss : It’s pretty good/ happy/exciting /relaxing/busy/dangerous/ fantastic說明:這個問題是為了操練形容詞。建議讓多個Ss作答。鼓勵他們用不同的形容詞。上述個別形容詞本應(yīng)在第二課時中出現(xiàn),但可以在warming-up中第一次非正式出現(xiàn)。這些形容詞也可在老師的評價語中適時出現(xiàn),以加深學(xué)生對詞匯的印象。
單元整體說明(一)單元教材分析本單元的核心話題是描述動物和表達(dá)個人喜好,以及句式why do you like…? Because…。這也是本單元的教學(xué)重點。通過本單元的學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生應(yīng)能較流利地運用所學(xué)詞匯和句型描述動物,表達(dá)個人喜好。(二)單元知識結(jié)構(gòu)1.詞匯動物名稱 tiger, elephant, koala, dolphin, etc.詞匯描述性形容詞: smart, cute, ugly, clever, shy, etc.國家名: Australia, South Africa2.句型Why do you like koala hears? Because they are cute.Where are pandas from? They're from China.What animals do you like? I like dolphins.(三)單元整體目標(biāo)1.Master the vocabulary2.Master and use: Why do you like koalas? Because they am cute.Where are pandas from? They're from China.What animals do you like? I like dolphins.(四)單元教學(xué)重難點一覽(五)單元學(xué)情分析學(xué)生此前已經(jīng)學(xué)過由why, where, what 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句句型,具有了學(xué)習(xí)本單元知識的認(rèn)知前提。形形色色的動物能激發(fā)學(xué)生的好奇心,產(chǎn)生了解它們的欲望,這有利于本單元知識的教學(xué)和學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣的培養(yǎng)。