解在角度單位狀態(tài)為“度”的情況下(屏幕顯示出 ),按下列順序依次按鍵:顯示結果為36.538 445 77.再按鍵:顯示結果為36゜32′18.4.所以,x≈36゜32′.例5 已知cot x=0.1950,求銳角x.(精確到1′)分析根據(jù)tan x= ,可以求出tan x的值,然后根據(jù)例4的方法就可以求出銳角x的值.四、課堂練習1. 使用計算器求下列三角函數(shù)值.(精確到0.0001)sin24゜,cos51゜42′20″,tan70゜21′,cot70゜.2. 已知銳角a的三角函數(shù)值,使用計算器求銳角a.(精確到1′)(1)sin a=0.2476; (2)cos a=0.4174;(3)tan a=0.1890; (4)cot a=1.3773.五、學習小結內容總結不同計算器操作不同,按鍵定義也不一樣。同一銳角的正切值與余切值互為倒數(shù)。在生活中運用計算器一定要注意計算器說明書的保管與使用。方法歸納在解決直角三角形的相關問題時,常常使用計算器幫助我們處理比較復雜的計算。
二、互動交流,理解算法1.出示教科書第22頁的情境圖,提問:他們在干什么?你獲得了什么信息?能提出什么問題?怎樣列式?2.師:今天我們就學習一位數(shù)除三位數(shù)的計算方法。(板書課題:一位數(shù)除三位數(shù))3.師:怎樣計算238÷6呢?你能用估算的方法估計出大致結果嗎?4.學生嘗試獨立完成例3的豎式計算。師:在這道題中被除數(shù)最高位上是2個百,2個百除以6,商不夠1個百怎么辦?師:誰能說一說商3個十的3寫在商的什么位置上?為什么?教師邊板演邊說明:用除數(shù)6去乘3個十,積是18個十,表示被除數(shù)中已經(jīng)分掉的數(shù),寫在23的下面。23減18得5,表示十位上還剩5個十。師:接下來該怎么辦?(把被除數(shù)個位上的8落下來,與十位上的5合起來繼續(xù)除。)師:最后結果是多少?5.啟發(fā)學生想一想:如果一本相冊有24頁,一本相冊能插得下這些照片嗎?2本呢?
一、教學內容:兩位數(shù)減一位數(shù)和整十數(shù)(不退位)(課本第67頁)。二、教學目標:1、知識與技能:讓學生經(jīng)歷探索兩位數(shù)減一位數(shù)和整十數(shù)(不退位)的計算方法的過程,掌握計算方法,能正確地口算。2、過程與方法:讓學生經(jīng)歷自主探索、動手操作、合作交流等方式獲得新知的過程,積累數(shù)學活動的經(jīng)驗,體會數(shù)學知識與日常生活的密切聯(lián)系,增強應用意識。3、情感態(tài)度與價值觀:進一步培養(yǎng)學生學習數(shù)學的熱情,以及積極思考、動手實踐并與同學合作學習的態(tài)度。三、教學重點:掌握兩位數(shù)減一位數(shù)和整十數(shù)(不退位)的口算方法。四、教學難點:理解算理,把握兩位數(shù)減一位數(shù)與兩位數(shù)減整十位數(shù)在計算過程中的相同點與不同點。五、教具準備:課件、題卡、等。六、教學過程:(一)、創(chuàng)設情境,提出問題。
方法總結:絕對值小于1的數(shù)也可以用科學記數(shù)法表示,一般形式為a×10-n,其中1≤a<10,n為正整數(shù).與較大數(shù)的科學記數(shù)法不同的是其所使用的是負整數(shù)指數(shù)冪,指數(shù)由原數(shù)左邊起第一個不為零的數(shù)前面的0的個數(shù)所決定.【類型二】 將用科學記數(shù)法表示的數(shù)還原為原數(shù)用小數(shù)表示下列各數(shù):(1)2×10-7; (2)3.14×10-5;(3)7.08×10-3; (4)2.17×10-1.解析:小數(shù)點向左移動相應的位數(shù)即可.解:(1)2×10-7=0.0000002;(2)3.14×10-5=0.0000314;(3)7.08×10-3=0.00708; (4)2.17×10-1=0.217.方法總結:將科學記數(shù)法表示的數(shù)a×10-n還原成通常表示的數(shù),就是把a的小數(shù)點向左移動n位所得到的數(shù).三、板書設計用科學記數(shù)法表示絕對值小于1的數(shù):一般地,一個小于1的正數(shù)可以表示為a×10n,其中1≤a<10,n是負整數(shù).從本節(jié)課的教學過程來看,結合了多種教學方法,既有教師主導課堂的例題講解,又有學生主導課堂的自主探究.課堂上學習氣氛活躍,學生的學習積極性被充分調動,在拓展學生學習空間的同時,又有效地保證了課堂學習質量
【類型四】 含整數(shù)指數(shù)冪、零指數(shù)冪與絕對值的混合運算計算:-22+(-12)-2+(2015-π)0-|2-π2|.解析:分別根據(jù)有理數(shù)的乘方、零指數(shù)冪、負整數(shù)指數(shù)冪及絕對值的性質計算出各數(shù),再根據(jù)實數(shù)的運算法則進行計算.解:-22+(-12)-2+(2015-π)0-|2-π2|=-4+4+1-2+π2=π2-1.方法總結:熟練掌握有理數(shù)的乘方、零指數(shù)冪、負整數(shù)指數(shù)冪及絕對值的性質是解答此題的關鍵.三、板書設計1.同底數(shù)冪的除法法則:同底數(shù)冪相除,底數(shù)不變,指數(shù)相減.2.零次冪:任何一個不等于零的數(shù)的零次冪都等于1.即a0=1(a≠0).3.負整數(shù)次冪:任何一個不等于零的數(shù)的-p(p是正整數(shù))次冪,等于這個數(shù)p次冪的倒數(shù).即a-p=1ap(a≠0,p是正整數(shù)).從計算具體問題中的同底數(shù)冪的除法,逐步歸納出同底數(shù)冪除法的一般性質.教學時要多舉幾個例子,讓學生從中總結出規(guī)律,體驗自主探究的樂趣和數(shù)學學習的魅力,為以后的學習奠定基礎
問題:2015年9月24日,美國國家航空航天局(下簡稱:NASA)對外宣稱將有重大發(fā)現(xiàn)宣布,可能發(fā)現(xiàn)除地球外適合人類居住的星球,一時間引起了人們的廣泛關注.早在2014年,NASA就發(fā)現(xiàn)一顆行星,這顆行星是第一顆在太陽系外恒星旁發(fā)現(xiàn)的適居帶內、半徑與地球相若的系外行星,這顆行星環(huán)繞紅矮星開普勒186,距離地球492光年.1光年是光經(jīng)過一年所行的距離,光的速度大約是3×105km/s.問:這顆行星距離地球多遠(1年=3.1536×107s)?3×105×3.1536×107×492=3×3.1536×4.92×105×107×102=4.6547136×10×105×107×102.問題:“10×105×107×102”等于多少呢?二、合作探究探究點:同底數(shù)冪的乘法【類型一】 底數(shù)為單項式的同底數(shù)冪的乘法計算:(1)23×24×2;(2)-a3·(-a)2·(-a)3;(3)mn+1·mn·m2·m.解析:(1)根據(jù)同底數(shù)冪的乘法法則進行計算即可;(2)先算乘方,再根據(jù)同底數(shù)冪的乘法法則進行計算即可;(3)根據(jù)同底數(shù)冪的乘法法則進行計算即可.
【類型三】 分式方程無解,求字母的值若關于x的分式方程2x-2+mxx2-4=3x+2無解,求m的值.解析:先把分式方程化為整式方程,再分兩種情況討論求解:一元一次方程無解與分式方程有增根.解:方程兩邊都乘以(x+2)(x-2),得2(x+2)+mx=3(x-2),即(m-1)x=-10.①當m-1=0時,此方程無解,此時m=1;②方程有增根,則x=2或x=-2,當x=2時,代入(m-1)x=-10得(m-1)×2=-10,m=-4;當x=-2時,代入(m-1)x=-10得(m-1)×(-2)=-10,解得m=6,∴m的值是1,-4或6.方法總結:分式方程無解與分式方程有增根所表達的意義是不一樣的.分式方程有增根僅僅針對使最簡公分母為0的數(shù),分式方程無解不但包括使最簡公分母為0的數(shù),而且還包括分式方程化為整式方程后,使整式方程無解的數(shù).三、板書設計1.分式方程的解法方程兩邊同乘以最簡公分母,化為整式方程求解,再檢驗.2.分式方程的增根(1)解分式方程為什么會產(chǎn)生增根;(2)分式方程檢驗的方法.
把解集在數(shù)軸上表示出來,并將解集中的整數(shù)解寫出來.解析:分別計算出兩個不等式的解集,再根據(jù)大小小大中間找確定不等式組的解集,再找出解集范圍內的整數(shù)即可.解:x+23<1 ①,2(1-x)≤5 ②,由①得x<1,由②得x≥-32,∴不等式組的解集為-32≤x<1.則不等式組的整數(shù)解為-1,0.方法總結:此題主要考查了一元一次不等式組的解法,解決此類問題的關鍵在于正確解得不等式組或不等式的解集,然后再根據(jù)題目中對于解集的限制得到下一步所需要的條件,再根據(jù)得到的條件進而求得不等式組的整數(shù)解.三、板書設計一元一次不等式組概念解法不等式組的解集利用數(shù)軸確定解集利用口訣確定解集解一元一次不等式組是建立在解一元一次不等式的基礎之上.解不等式組時,先解每一個不等式,再確定各個不等式組的解集的公共部分.
方法總結:已知解集求字母系數(shù)的值,通常是先解含有字母的不等式,再利用解集唯一性列方程求字母的值.解題過程體現(xiàn)了方程思想.三、板書設計1.一元一次不等式的概念2.解一元一次不等式的基本步驟:(1)去分母;(2)去括號;(3)移項;(4)合并同類項;(5)兩邊都除以未知數(shù)的系數(shù).本節(jié)課通過類比一元一次方程的解法得到一元一次不等式的解法,讓學生感受到解一元一次不等式與解一元一次方程只是在兩邊都除以未知數(shù)的系數(shù)這一步時有所不同.如果這個系數(shù)是正數(shù),不等號的方向不變;如果這個系數(shù)是負數(shù),不等號的方向改變.這也是這節(jié)課學生容易出錯的地方.教學時要大膽放手,不要怕學生出錯,通過學生犯的錯誤引起學生注意,理解產(chǎn)生錯誤的原因,以便在以后的學習中避免出錯.
安裝及運輸費用為600x+800(12-x),根據(jù)題意得4000x+3000(12-x)≤40000,600x+800(12-x)≤9200.解得2≤x≤4,由于x取整數(shù),所以x=2,3,4.答:有三種方案:①購買甲種設備2臺,乙種設備10臺;②購買甲種設備3臺,乙種設備9臺;③購買甲種設備4臺,乙種設備8臺.方法總結:列不等式組解應用題時,一般只設一個未知數(shù),找出兩個或兩個以上的不等關系,相應地列出兩個或兩個以上的不等式組成不等式組求解.在實際問題中,大部分情況下應求整數(shù)解.三、板書設計1.一元一次不等式組的解法2.一元一次不等式組的實際應用利用一元一次不等式組解應用題關鍵是找出所有可能表達題意的不等關系,再根據(jù)各個不等關系列成相應的不等式,組成不等式組.在教學時要讓學生養(yǎng)成檢驗的習慣,感受運用數(shù)學知識解決問題的過程,提高實際操作能力.
1.自己選擇植物的花瓣(牽牛花、月季花)、蔬菜(紫卷心菜、胡蘿卜) 在研缽中搗爛,加入酒精(它有消毒作用,可使制得的指示劑長期 保存)浸泡,用紗布將浸泡出的汁液過濾或擠出,就得到指示劑, 2.把制好的指示劑裝入試劑瓶,貼上標簽備用。 把食醋、稀鹽酸、稀氫氧化鈉、澄清石灰水,分別滴在兩個 白色點滴板上,用石蕊、酚酞分別滴在上述溶液上,通過顏 色變化檢驗它們的酸堿性。 用玻璃棒分別蘸取上述溶液,滴在pH試紙上,然后對照標準 比色卡比較,得出pH值,也就是酸堿度。 把上述溶液滴在白色點滴板上,用滴管吸一下你自制的指示劑,滴在滴板的溶液里,觀察顏色變化,每用一種指示劑,換一下滴板的溶液。 把所得到顏色變色變化的信息和pH值數(shù)據(jù)填入教材第70頁的表中。 3.取少量土壤樣品,將土壤樣品與蒸餾水按1∶5的質量比在燒杯中混合, 充分攪拌后靜置,用玻璃棒蘸澄清的液體,滴在pH試紙上,然后對照 標準比色卡記錄讀數(shù)。
Teaching Goal:1. General aims:Talk about recent past events2. Particular aims:A. Language Focus.Talk about recent past events and think of the past events.B. Language goalsHow was….?It was …What did …do over the weekend?C. Language structures:(1). How was your weekend? I was great. Pay attention to no form.(2). What did you do over the weekend? I played soccer. We went to the beach.D. Useful words and phrases:Words: was, did, went, beach, over, project, test, wasn’t, false, number, geography, spend, week, most, mixture, their, had, little, cook, read, saw, change, everyone, sit, sat, no, anythingPhrases: did one’s homework, played soccer, cleaned my room, went to the beach, played tennis, went to the movies, on Saturday morning, over the weekend, cook … for, what about, do some reading, have a party, talk show, go shoppingE. Grammar language:Present simple past tenseRegular and irregular verbsF. Learning strategies:Tour and holidaysG. Interdiscipinary:H. Emotion and manner:Teaching time: 5 periodsTeaching procedures:Period One教學步驟、時間 教師活動 學生活動 媒體應用Step 1Free talk 3’ Ask some questions like:Who’s on duty today?What’s the weather like? Answer and talk about something.讓同學們回答下列問題1. Do you like weekend? (Let some students answer)It takes them three minutes to talk about the question.2. Why do you like weekend? (let the students answer) Most of the students like the weekend此時教師用漢語問:“在周末期間問你干了什么?這句話用英語這么回答?Let the students guess.At last the teacher give them right answer3. What did you do over the weekend?(板書、學習)
所需要用到的句子:Who is that?That is Jack. I like him.Why do you like him?I like him because he is interesting.Task 4: 設計理想中的人類Step one: 設計理想中的人類的外貌。把全班同學分成若干小組,學生可以邊說邊在紙上畫出他們的模樣。Step two: 設計理想中人類的性格。學生們可以把那些能描述性格的單詞寫在圖畫的旁邊。Step three: 每組選出一名同學,其他同組同學提問,他作簡單回答,并說明原因。所需用到的句子:What does he or she look like?He or she ...What is he or she like?He or she is ...Why?Because ...Task 5: 挑戰(zhàn)性活動調查性格是天生的還是后天形成的,讓每個同學回家去調查一下自己成長過程中性格是否有變化,具體是怎樣的,為什么會這樣? Teaching Aims:1. Enable students to have a general understanding of how to talk about people's physical appearance.2. Enable students to tackle some essential vocabularies and patterns about describing people. Provide them with necessary skills and methods.3. Create various chances for students to describe the persons they're familiar with, such as classmates, family members, teachers, idols, etc.
Period 2 (3a----Section B 2c)Preview(Pre-task): Key points: What laAdd another information about their pen pals----their language on the cardnguage does she/he speak?She/He speaks....Does she/he have any brothers and sisters? Does she/he speak English?Preview(Pre-task): Add another information about their pen pals----their language on the cardKey points: What language does she/he speak?She/He speaks....Does she/he have any brothers and sisters? Does she/he speak English?Step 1 Revision1.Revisionand dictation of the new words 2.Revise the drills they learned yesterday.(by pairwork and grammar exercise)Step 2 Leading-inT has a conversation with one student. The conversation is following:---Do you have a pen pal?---Yes, I do.---What's your pen pal's name? ---His/Her name is....---Where is your pen pal from? ---He/She is from...---Where does he/she live? ---He/She lives in....---What language does he/she speak?He/She speaks...Write the new words on the Bb. They are following: EnglishChineseJapaneseFrenchStep 3 LearnLearn the new words with the whole class.Finish 3a with the students3b Pairwork T still does an example with one student Then the Ss practise in pairs. The example is following:--Curry Muray is my pen pal. He is from the United States.---What language does he speak?
Don’t fight. =You can’t fight. (板書,教讀)教師把這些句子板書在黑板上,并請學生大聲整齊地讀祈使句和“can’t”句型,并讓學生注意兩種句型表達形式的不同和轉換,“Don’t …=You can’t…”;并對學生說:These are our school rules. (板書,教讀) You can’t break the school rules. Don’t break the school rules.(板書,教讀)步驟3 :Practicea. T: Now, each of the students is breaking one of these rules.Please finish 1a.學生看圖,完成1a的內容,檢查答案并大聲朗讀校規(guī)。b. 聽錄音,完成1b,選出四位學生都違反了哪條校規(guī);聽之前,學生要讀會英文名。c. 請兩位學生朗讀1c部分的句型;要求學生兩人一組對話表演,SA扮演外校轉來新生,SB告知本校校規(guī)。(學生可經(jīng)過討論,多說出他們想到的校規(guī),不必只限于書上;教師應給予幫助)2) 第二課時(2a~4)步驟1 :warming up of revisionT: What are the rules at your school?學生使用“can”或祈使句表達各條校規(guī);其中老師可引出“eat in the cafeteria outside”的表達。步驟2 :Practicea.T: Christina is an exchange student. She doesn’t know the rules. Let’s listen, what activities they’re talking about?學生聽第一遍時,完成2a;第二遍時,完成2b;b. 請學生領讀2c部分,看著2a完成的表格,理解2c活動的要求;分成小組針對2a進行問答;
教學過程Step 1: warming-up Sing a song---------“food and drink” Step 2: Revision1 Dictation2 Revise: What kind of noodles would you like?I’d like …What size bowl of noodles would you like?I’d like…Step 3: Presentation1 show pictures of food, ask students say the words.2 Students read the newspaper ad in 3a. Fill in blanks with words in the box. Then read the ad together, the teacher explains some difficult language points.3 Check the answers Step 4 PracticeAsk students to finish 3b in the same way according to 3a. Students read the short passage and fill in the blanks .At last, check the answers.Step 5 productionAsk students to write their own ad for dumplings, noodles, drinks, and other foods they know. Then ask students to read their partner’s ad. Then order food and drink from their partner.Step 6 Home workGroup work – make an ad about “food and drink”
三、教學建議第一課時:1. Lead in (Vocabulary)A) Before class, teacher should collect some pictures of working places. For example: Bank, TV Station, Restaurant, Police Station, Hospital ...B) In class, show students the pictures (PowerPoint, OHP). Ask students to tell the name of the working places and the name of the jobs.Shop assistant, doctor, actor, reporter, police office, waiter, bank clerk, studentC) Do exercise 1a and 3a.2. Bingo GameAsk groups of students to make up pairs of cards with a job on one and the related workplace on the other. For example, waiter / restaurant, teacher / school, doctor / hospital. Encourage students to use both the job / workplace combinations in the book and the ones that students came up during class discussions. Be sure they have twice as many sets of cards as there are students in the group. They can make two sets of cards for a single job / workplace, if necessary. Then have each group mix up its set of cards and hand their cards out in random order. Each time a student gets a pair of cards that match, he or she can lay these cards down. The goal is to have no cards in your hand at the end.3. Task OneA) Ask students to work in pairs and ask the partner what does he / she want to be in the future.e. g. :What do you / does he / does she want to be?I want to be a.Why?Because it's (adj).B) Vocabulary: Section B, 1a4. Homework 1.2.
1 Each group choose one place to describe and what you are doing in it Choose one place, and describe what they are doing 2 Move around the room and give suggestions Talk about it and write it down 3 Ask one to show their works and act it Choose one of each group to make a report 4 Evaluate the best group and the best reporter Choose the best one Homework Ask your friends their ideal place and write about it教學反思:新課程標準中強調學生在課堂中的主體地位,在綜合課中他們的主體地位就更加突出。在各個活動中給不同程度的學生不同層次的任務,讓各層面的學生都有表現(xiàn)發(fā)揮的機會,從而產(chǎn)生對英語的興趣。使用照片圖片多媒體來輔助教學,效果更好。同時讓了解其他國家風景,風俗的同學介紹ideal place,增加學生的背景知知識,實現(xiàn)跨學科交流的目的。教案點評:采用任務型教學模式,在各個活動中給不同程度的學生不同層次的任務,讓各層面的學生都有表現(xiàn)發(fā)揮的機會,從而產(chǎn)生對英語的興趣。使用照片圖片多媒體來輔助教學,效果更好。讓了解其他國家風景,風俗的同學介紹ideal place,增加學生的背景知識,實現(xiàn)跨學科交流的目的。
2.1Match the country with the language.Step II Reading3a? let the students read the letter fast and answer the questions.? Let the students ask more questions about the letter as possible as the can.Step III Writing3b.Step IV. Pairwork2cStep V Listening2a, 2bStep V. HomeworkExercises book(1) P3Exercises book (2) P3Period FourStep I . Dictate the words and sentences in Unit1.Step II. Self-checkStep III. Check the answers for Exercises book in the unit.Step IV. Home workRevise and preparation for unit 2.教學反思:通過本單元的學習,學生基本可以談論人們的國籍,居住城市及其所說的語言,通過書信方式去介紹自己并尋找筆友。但在涉及到國外的一些城市時,學生對這方面的知識相對欠缺,能介紹的城市并不多,也反應出學生課前預習不充分,這跟學生學習條件也有關,大多數(shù)學生無法通過網(wǎng)絡獲取所需信息。因此,在以后的教學中要多指導學生通過計算機網(wǎng)絡獲取信息,拓寬知識面。
五、教學Section B-2c1. Pair work: What do you think of the belt/sunglasses/…? What does your father/mother/… think of your scarf/belt…?2. Group work(1). Teacher shows some different kinds of school uniforms (制服)and asks : “ What do you think of your school uniforms? If you have a chance to choose your school uniforms, what kind would you like to choose?”(2). Discuss in groups.(3).Get some Ss to report in class.說明:這一步旨在讓學生運用已有的語言知識談論對事物的看法和意見,并簡單闡明理由,培養(yǎng)學生的主動思維能力和運用英語的能力。六、教學拓展調查電視節(jié)目的收視率任務:調查你周圍的人對現(xiàn)在各種電視節(jié)目的反響?;顒舆^程:1.教師布置任務,讓學生調查周圍的人(包括他的親戚朋友和鄰居)喜歡收看哪方面的電視節(jié)目。2.學生進行調查活動,運用本單元所學的句型What do you think of….? (Why?)What's your favorite game shows?What do you think of talk show?I doesn’t mind it.I like it.I love it.I can’t stand it.3.記錄下排在前10位的TV Program,填寫調查表,比較其收視率。