The grammatical structure of this unit is predicative clause. Like object clause and subject clause, predicative clause is one of Nominal Clauses. The leading words of predicative clauses are that, what, how, what, where, as if, because, etc.The design of teaching activities aims to guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions. Beyond that, students should be guided to use this grammar in the context apporpriately and flexibly.1. Enable the Ss to master the usage of the predicative clauses in this unit.2. Enable the Ss to use the predicative patterns flexibly.3. Train the Ss to apply some skills by doing the relevant exercises.1.Guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions.2.Strengthen students' ability of using predicative clauses in context, but also cultivate their ability of text analysis and logical reasoning competence.Step1: Underline all the examples in the reading passage, where noun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their meaning and functions.1) One theory was that bad air caused the disease.2) Another theory was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.3) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street had been infected by waste.Sum up the rules of grammar:1. 以上黑體部分在句中作表語(yǔ)。2. 句1、2、3中的that在從句中不作成分,只起連接作用。 Step2: Review the basic components of predicative clauses1.Definition
Step 5: After learning the text, discuss with your peers about the following questions:1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.keys:1. John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2. No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3. SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.Step 6: Consolidate what you have learned by filling in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _1___ in London in the _2__ century. He wanted to find the _3_____ of cholera in order to help people ___4_____ it. In 1854 when a cholera __5__ London, he began to gather information. He ___6__ on a map ___7___ all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had ___8____ (drink) the dirty water from the __9____ died. So he decided that the polluted water ___10____ cholera. He suggested that the ___11__ of all water supplies should be _12______ and new methods of dealing with ____13___ water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was __14_____.Keys: 1. doctor 2. 19th 3.cause 4.infected with 5.hit 6.marked 7.where 8.drunk 9.pump 10.carried 11.source 12.examined 13.polluted 14.defeatedHomework: Retell the text after class and preview its language points
The grammar of this unit is designed to review noun clauses. Sentences that use nouns in a sentence are called noun clauses. Nominal clauses can act as subject, object, predicate, appositive and other components in compound sentences. According to the above-mentioned different grammatical functions, nominal clauses are divided into subject clause, object clause, predicate clause and appositive clause. In this unit, we will review the three kinds of nominal clauses. Appositive clauses are not required to be mastered in the optional compulsory stage, so they are not involved.1. Guide the students to judge the compound sentences and determine the composition of the clauses in the sentence.2. Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.3. Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clause1.Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.2.Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clauseStep1: The teacher ask studetns to find out more nominal clauses from the reading passage and udnerline the nominal clauses.
This happens because the dish soap molecules have a strong negative charge, and the milk molecules have a strong positive charge. Like magnets, these molecules are attracted to each other, and so they appear to move around on the plate, taking the food coloring with them, making it look like the colors are quickly moving to escape from the soap.Listening text:? Judy: Oh, I'm so sorry that you were ill and couldn't come with us on our field trip. How are you feeling now? Better?? Bill: Much better, thanks. But how was it?? Judy: Wonderful! I especially liked an area of the museum called Light Games.it was really cool. They had a hall of mirrors where I could see myself reflected thousands of times!? Bill: A hall of mirrors can be a lot of fun. What else did they have?? Judy: Well, they had an experiment where we looked at a blue screen for a while, and then suddenly we could see tiny bright lights moving around on it. You'll never guess what those bright lights were!? Bill: Come on, tell me!? Judy: They were our own blood cells. For some reason, our eyes play tricks on us when we look at a blue screen, and we can see our own blood cells moving around like little lights! But there was another thing I liked better. I stood in front of a white light, and it cast different shadows of me in every color of the rainbow!? Bill: Oh, I wish I had been there. Tell me more!? Judy: Well, they had another area for sound. They had a giant piano keyboard that you could use your feet to play. But then, instead of playing the sounds of a piano, it played the voices of classical singers! Then they had a giant dish, and when you spoke into it, it reflected the sound back and made it louder. You could use it to speak in a whisper to someone 17 meters away.? Bill: It all sounds so cool. I wish I could have gone with you? Judy: I know, but we can go together this weekend. I'd love to go there again!? Bill: That sounds like a great idea!
You have no excuse for not going.你沒(méi)有理由不去。He was punished for not having finished his homework.他因未完成作業(yè)而受到懲罰。2.動(dòng)詞ing形式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由物主代詞或人稱(chēng)代詞賓格、名詞所有格或普通格加動(dòng)詞ing,即“sb./sb.'s+doing”構(gòu)成。動(dòng)詞ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際上是給動(dòng)詞ing形式加了一個(gè)邏輯主語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)有四種形式:①形容詞性物主代詞+動(dòng)詞ing②名詞所有格+動(dòng)詞ing③代詞賓格+動(dòng)詞ing④名詞+動(dòng)詞ingHer coming to help encouraged all of us.她來(lái)幫忙鼓舞了我們所有人。The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.這個(gè)嬰兒被突然的關(guān)門(mén)聲吵醒了。Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home?你能想象他/杰克在家做飯的樣子嗎?無(wú)生命名詞無(wú)論是作主語(yǔ)還是作賓語(yǔ)都不能用第②種形式。Tom's winning first prize last year impressed me a lot.湯姆去年得了一等獎(jiǎng)使我印象深刻。Do you mind my/me/Jack's/Jack leaving now?你介意我/杰克現(xiàn)在離開(kāi)嗎?Excuse me for my not coming on time.很抱歉我沒(méi)能按時(shí)來(lái)。His father's being ill made him worried.他父親病了,他很擔(dān)心。We are looking forward to the singer's/the singer to give us a concert.我們盼望著這位歌手來(lái)給我們舉辦一場(chǎng)演唱會(huì)。
活動(dòng)內(nèi)容:教師首先讓學(xué)生回顧學(xué)過(guò)的三類(lèi)事件,接著讓學(xué)生拋擲一枚均勻的硬幣,硬幣落下后,會(huì)出現(xiàn)正面朝上、正面朝下兩種情況,你認(rèn)為正面朝上和正面朝下的可能性相同嗎?(讓學(xué)生體驗(yàn)數(shù)學(xué)來(lái)源于生活)?;顒?dòng)目的:使學(xué)生回顧學(xué)過(guò)的三類(lèi)事件,并由擲硬幣游戲培養(yǎng)學(xué)生猜測(cè)游戲結(jié)果的能力,并從中初步體會(huì)猜測(cè)事件可能性。讓學(xué)生體會(huì)猜測(cè)結(jié)果,這是很重要的一步,我們所學(xué)到的很多知識(shí),都是先猜測(cè),再經(jīng)過(guò)多次的試驗(yàn)得出來(lái)的。而且由此引出猜測(cè)是需通過(guò)大量的實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)驗(yàn)證。這就是我們本節(jié)課要來(lái)研究的問(wèn)題(自然引出課題)。
這是本節(jié)課的重點(diǎn)。讓同學(xué)們將∠aob對(duì)折,再折出一個(gè)直角三角形(使第一條折痕為斜邊),然后展開(kāi),請(qǐng)同學(xué)們觀(guān)察并思考:后折疊的二條折痕的交點(diǎn)在什么地方?這兩條折痕與角的兩邊有什么位置關(guān)系?這兩條折痕在數(shù)量上有什么關(guān)系?這時(shí)有的同學(xué)會(huì)說(shuō):“角的平分線(xiàn)上的點(diǎn)到角的兩邊的距離相等”.即得到了角平分線(xiàn)的性質(zhì)定理的猜想。接著我會(huì)讓同學(xué)們理論證明,并轉(zhuǎn)化為符號(hào)語(yǔ)言,注意分清題設(shè)和結(jié)論。有的同學(xué)會(huì)用全等三角形的判定定理aas證明,從而證明了猜想得到了角平分線(xiàn)的性質(zhì)定理。
問(wèn)題1:你能證明“兩條直線(xiàn)被第三條直線(xiàn)所截,如果內(nèi)錯(cuò)角相等,那么這兩條直線(xiàn)平行”這個(gè)命題的正確性嗎?已知:如圖,∠1和∠2是直線(xiàn)a,b被直線(xiàn)c截出的內(nèi)錯(cuò)角,且∠1=∠2.求證:a∥b. 問(wèn)題2:你能證明“兩條直線(xiàn)被第三條直線(xiàn)所截,如果同旁?xún)?nèi)角互補(bǔ),那么這兩條直線(xiàn)平行”這個(gè)命題的正確性嗎?已知:如圖,∠1和∠2是直線(xiàn)a、b被直線(xiàn)c截出的同旁?xún)?nèi)角,且∠1與∠2互補(bǔ).求證:a∥b
教學(xué)目標(biāo)1、明確扇形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖的制作步驟,能夠根據(jù)相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)較為準(zhǔn)確地制作扇形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖.2、進(jìn)一步理解扇形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖的特點(diǎn),建立百分比大小和扇形圓心角大小之間初步的直觀(guān)敏感度.3、能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)不同統(tǒng)計(jì)圖數(shù)據(jù)間的合理轉(zhuǎn)換,再次體會(huì)幾種統(tǒng)計(jì)圖的不同特點(diǎn),為合理選擇統(tǒng)計(jì)圖表示數(shù)據(jù)打下一定的基礎(chǔ).4、通過(guò)實(shí)例,理解三種統(tǒng)計(jì)圖的特點(diǎn),能根據(jù)具體問(wèn)題選擇合適的統(tǒng)計(jì)圖清晰、有效地描述數(shù)據(jù).5、在統(tǒng)計(jì)活動(dòng)的過(guò)程中,通過(guò)相互間的合作與交流,掌握畫(huà)統(tǒng)計(jì)圖和選擇統(tǒng)計(jì)圖的方法;經(jīng)歷數(shù)據(jù)的收集、整理和簡(jiǎn)單分析、作出決策的統(tǒng)計(jì)活動(dòng)過(guò)程,發(fā)展統(tǒng)計(jì)觀(guān)念.6、通過(guò)對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的數(shù)據(jù)分析,感受數(shù)學(xué)與現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的密切聯(lián)系,說(shuō)出統(tǒng)計(jì)圖在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的應(yīng)用,提高學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)興趣.
小學(xué)五年級(jí)的學(xué)生應(yīng)該具備一些生活技能, 學(xué)做家常菜是我們生活的必需,是每個(gè),人都應(yīng)該掌握的生存技能。本主題的目的通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)做簡(jiǎn)單的家常菜,引領(lǐng)小學(xué)生走進(jìn)家務(wù)勞動(dòng),鍛煉生活的自理能力和提高適應(yīng)生活的能力,體會(huì)生活和學(xué)習(xí)的樂(lè)趣,激發(fā)學(xué)生將學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)和家務(wù)勞動(dòng)密切結(jié)合起來(lái),形成積極的生活和學(xué)習(xí)的態(tài)度。本主題安排了“問(wèn)題與思考”“學(xué)習(xí)與探究”“實(shí)踐與體驗(yàn)”總結(jié)與交流“拓展與創(chuàng)新”五個(gè)環(huán)節(jié),從提出問(wèn)題開(kāi)始,到探究與體驗(yàn),最后到學(xué)有所用,循序漸進(jìn),引導(dǎo)學(xué)習(xí)走進(jìn)中式餐飲文化,學(xué)做日常生活中的家常菜,掌握勞動(dòng)的技能和方法,體驗(yàn)做家務(wù)勞動(dòng)帶來(lái)的快樂(lè)和享受,激發(fā)學(xué)生對(duì)家常菜的探究與實(shí)踐的興趣,逐步掌握日常生活所需的基本技能,培養(yǎng)熱愛(ài)勞動(dòng)、熱愛(ài)生活的意識(shí)。
四個(gè)同學(xué)為一個(gè)合作小組;每個(gè)小組利用教師為其準(zhǔn)備的各類(lèi)三角形,作出它們的高.比一比,看哪一個(gè)小組做得最快,發(fā)現(xiàn)的結(jié)論多. 師生行為:學(xué)生操作、討論,教師巡視、指導(dǎo),使學(xué)生理解【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】通過(guò)讓學(xué)生操作、觀(guān)察、推理、交流等活動(dòng),來(lái)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的動(dòng)手、動(dòng)腦能力,發(fā)展其空間觀(guān)察.活動(dòng)結(jié)論:1.銳角三角形的三條高都在三角形內(nèi); 2.直角三角形的一條高在三角形內(nèi)(即斜邊上的高),而另兩條高恰是它的兩條直角邊; 3.鈍角三角形的一條高在三角形內(nèi),而另兩條高在三角形外.(這是難點(diǎn),需多加說(shuō)明) 總之:任何三角形都有三條高,且三條高所在的直線(xiàn)相交于一點(diǎn).(我們把這一點(diǎn)叫垂心)課堂小結(jié) 1.三角形中三條重要線(xiàn)段:三角形的高、中線(xiàn)和角平分線(xiàn)的概念. 2.學(xué)會(huì)畫(huà)三角形的高、中線(xiàn)和角平分線(xiàn).
(一)、創(chuàng)設(shè)情景,導(dǎo)入新課摸牌游戲:三位同學(xué)持三組牌,指定三位同學(xué)分別任意摸出一張,看誰(shuí)能摸到紅牌,他們一定能摸到紅牌嗎?請(qǐng)手持牌的同學(xué)根據(jù)自已手中牌的情況,用語(yǔ)言描述一下抽出紅牌的情況??偨Y(jié):在一定條件下,有些事情我們事先能肯定它一定發(fā)生,這些事情成為 事件。有些事情我們事先能肯定它一定不會(huì)發(fā)生,這些事情稱(chēng)為 事件。 事件和 事件統(tǒng)稱(chēng)為確定事件。許多事情我們事先無(wú)法肯定它會(huì)不會(huì)發(fā)生,這些事情稱(chēng)為 事件,也稱(chēng)為 事件。
我們不妨將主旨放在“莊生曉夢(mèng)迷蝴蝶,望帝春心托杜鵑。滄海月明珠有淚,藍(lán)田日暖玉生煙。”二聯(lián)之前,那么,事情就變得簡(jiǎn)單起來(lái)了:華年如莊生曉夢(mèng)迷蝴蝶;華年如望帝春心托杜鵑;華年如滄海月明珠有淚;華年如藍(lán)田日暖玉生煙。從課下注釋?zhuān)覀兒苋菀拙涂梢钥闯觯@四句每一句都在用典。因此,我們通過(guò)對(duì)典故的解讀,然后加以整理,將其理順,似乎就可以完成對(duì)詩(shī)歌內(nèi)容的解讀;至于什么悼亡、愛(ài)情,不妨拋之腦后,畢竟,沒(méi)有那些其他的主題,也并沒(méi)有讓詩(shī)歌失色,而加上這些捉摸不定的主題,只是讓詩(shī)歌增加了所謂的神秘色彩,徒增閱讀難度而已。
教師活動(dòng) 學(xué)生活動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)意圖 情境導(dǎo)入:教師配樂(lè)敘述詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作背景投入傾聽(tīng) 盡可能調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生情緒誦讀入境:“讀李詩(shī)者于雄快之中得其深遠(yuǎn)宕逸之神,才是謫仙人面目”(投影展示)教師范讀,醞釀情感(播放配樂(lè))1、學(xué)生自讀感知詩(shī)韻 2、學(xué)生齊讀進(jìn)入詩(shī)境 調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生積極性,誦讀時(shí)用自己的情緒感染學(xué)生精讀涵詠:教師就詩(shī)歌內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提問(wèn),李白怎樣喝酒,勸朋友喝酒的方式、原因,他有那些愁并說(shuō)明理由,并按照自己的理解誦讀。教師必要時(shí)給出相應(yīng)的提示。投影展示:人生苦短 懷才不遇 交流研討誦讀 引導(dǎo)學(xué)生從詩(shī)句入手,疏通詩(shī)意,把握情感
(一)知識(shí)與能力 1、指導(dǎo)學(xué)生基本掌握誦讀本詩(shī)的要領(lǐng),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生聲情并茂、準(zhǔn)確傳達(dá)情感的誦讀能力. 2、幫助學(xué)生初步了解“初讀—精讀—悟讀—美讀”的詩(shī)歌鑒賞方法,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生鑒賞古典詩(shī)歌的能力。(二)、情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀(guān) 1、走近李白的激情、浪漫、詩(shī)性和放達(dá),感受全詩(shī)恢宏的氣魄。 2、激發(fā)學(xué)生與文本、文人和文化的親近之情
《錦瑟》的主旨頗多,悼亡、戀情、自傷身世,每一種都有其支持者的長(zhǎng)篇論述,但其首聯(lián)中“一弦一柱思華年?!睆倪@個(gè)角度來(lái)看,似乎將主題定調(diào)為對(duì)“華年”的追思,似乎更為妥帖。當(dāng)我們有了一個(gè)明確的基調(diào)之后,后面幾聯(lián)在解讀時(shí)就有了一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確的方向。
教 學(xué) 過(guò) 程教師 行為學(xué)生 行為教學(xué) 意圖時(shí)間 *揭示課題 10.3總體、樣本與抽樣方法(二) *創(chuàng)設(shè)情境 興趣導(dǎo)入 【問(wèn)題】 用樣本估計(jì)總體時(shí),樣本抽取得是否恰當(dāng),直接關(guān)系到總體特性估計(jì)的準(zhǔn)確程度.那么,應(yīng)該如何抽取樣本呢? 介紹 質(zhì)疑 了解 思考 啟發(fā) 學(xué)生思考 0 5*動(dòng)腦思考 探索新知 【新知識(shí)】 下面介紹幾種常用的抽樣方法. 1.簡(jiǎn)單隨機(jī)抽樣 從一批蘋(píng)果中選取10個(gè),每個(gè)蘋(píng)果被選中的可能性一般是不相等的,放在上面的蘋(píng)果更容易被選中.實(shí)際過(guò)程又不允許將整箱蘋(píng)果倒出來(lái),攪拌均勻.因此,10個(gè)蘋(píng)果做樣本的代表意義就會(huì)打折扣. 我們采用抽簽的方法,將蘋(píng)果按照某種順序(比如箱、層、行、列順序)編號(hào),寫(xiě)在小紙片上.將小紙片揉成小團(tuán),放到一個(gè)不透明的袋子中,充分?jǐn)嚢韬?,再?gòu)闹兄饌€(gè)抽出10個(gè)小紙團(tuán).最后根據(jù)編號(hào)找到蘋(píng)果. 這種抽樣叫做簡(jiǎn)單隨機(jī)抽樣. 簡(jiǎn)單隨機(jī)抽樣必須保證總體的每個(gè)個(gè)體被抽到的機(jī)會(huì)是相同的.也就是說(shuō),簡(jiǎn)單隨機(jī)抽樣是等概率抽樣. 抽簽法(俗稱(chēng)抓鬮法)是最常用的簡(jiǎn)單隨機(jī)抽樣方法.其主要步驟為 (1)編號(hào)做簽:將總體中的N個(gè)個(gè)體編上號(hào),并把號(hào)碼寫(xiě)到簽上; (2)抽簽得樣本:將做好的簽放到容器中,攪拌均勻后,從中逐個(gè)抽出n個(gè)簽,得到一個(gè)容量為n的樣本. 當(dāng)總體中所含的個(gè)體較少時(shí),通常采用簡(jiǎn)單隨機(jī)抽樣.例如,從某班抽取10位同學(xué)去參加義務(wù)勞動(dòng),就可采用抽簽的方法來(lái)抽取樣本. 當(dāng)總體中的個(gè)體較多時(shí),“攪拌均勻”不容易做到,這樣抽出的樣本的代表性就會(huì)打折扣.此時(shí)可以采用“隨機(jī)數(shù)法”抽樣. 產(chǎn)生隨機(jī)數(shù)的方法很多,利用計(jì)算器(或計(jì)算機(jī))可以方便地產(chǎn)生隨機(jī)數(shù). CASIO fx 82ESPLUS函數(shù)型計(jì)算器(如圖10-3),利用 · 鍵的第二功能產(chǎn)生隨機(jī)數(shù).操作方法是:首先設(shè)置精確度并將計(jì)算器顯示設(shè)置為小數(shù)狀態(tài),依次按鍵SHIFT 、 MODE、 2 ,然后連續(xù)按鍵 SHIFT 、 RAN# ,以后每按鍵一次 = 鍵,就能隨機(jī)得到0~1之間的一個(gè)純小數(shù). 采用“隨機(jī)數(shù)法”抽樣的步驟為: (1)編號(hào):將總體中的N個(gè)個(gè)體編上號(hào); (2)選號(hào):指定隨機(jī)號(hào)的范圍,利用計(jì)算器產(chǎn)生n個(gè)有效的隨機(jī)號(hào)(范圍之外或重復(fù)的號(hào)無(wú)效),得到一個(gè)容量為n的樣本. 講解 說(shuō)明 引領(lǐng) 分析 仔細(xì) 分析 關(guān)鍵 語(yǔ)句 觀(guān)察 理解 記憶 帶領(lǐng) 學(xué)生 分析 20
計(jì)算器的面板是由鍵盤(pán)和顯示器組成的。顯示器是用來(lái)顯示輸入的數(shù)據(jù)和計(jì)算結(jié)果的裝置。顯示器因計(jì)算器的種類(lèi)不同而不同,有單行顯示的,也有雙行顯示的。在鍵盤(pán)的每個(gè)鍵上,都標(biāo)明了這個(gè)鍵的功能。我們看鍵盤(pán)上標(biāo)有的鍵,是開(kāi)機(jī)鍵,在開(kāi)始使用計(jì)算器時(shí)先要按一下這個(gè)鍵,以接通電源,計(jì)算器的電源一般用5號(hào)電池或鈕扣電池。再看鍵,是關(guān)機(jī)鍵,停止使用計(jì)算器時(shí)要按一下這個(gè)鍵,來(lái)切斷計(jì)算器的電源,是清除鍵,按一下這個(gè)鍵,計(jì)算器就清除當(dāng)前顯示的數(shù)與符號(hào)。的功能是完成運(yùn)算或執(zhí)行命令。是運(yùn)算鍵,按一下這個(gè)鍵,計(jì)算器就執(zhí)行加法運(yùn)算。
2重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)教學(xué)重點(diǎn)用各種方法、材料制作未來(lái)的學(xué)校模型。第一課時(shí):設(shè)計(jì)制作學(xué)校的平面圖第二課時(shí):設(shè)計(jì)制作學(xué)校的立體模型。教學(xué)難點(diǎn)大膽想象,小組協(xié)作,創(chuàng)想出與眾不同的學(xué)校創(chuàng)意。第一課時(shí):學(xué)校建筑的布局。第二課時(shí):設(shè)計(jì)與眾不同的未來(lái)的建筑。3教學(xué)過(guò)程3.1 第一學(xué)時(shí)
阿倫.科普蘭是美國(guó)現(xiàn)代音樂(lè)的倡導(dǎo)者,1920年創(chuàng)作的《貓和老鼠》是一首音樂(lè)形象鮮明,詼諧有趣的鋼琴演奏曲。樂(lè)曲栩栩如生的表現(xiàn)了貓捉老鼠的情景,不協(xié)和和弦以及多變的節(jié)奏,使作品充滿(mǎn)了現(xiàn)代的氣息。樂(lè)曲由引子、A、B、A、尾聲組成。引子中速貓的主題。貓驕傲的懶洋洋的走向高處,兇險(xiǎn)的目光窺視周?chē)?。第一?lè)段開(kāi)始速度非常快,刻畫(huà)了老鼠的形象。接著貓?jiān)谖葑永锢淠难惨暎鲜箪`巧的跑來(lái)跑去,一場(chǎng)貓捉老鼠的游戲開(kāi)始了。第二樂(lè)段老鼠得意的逃掉了,它,輕快的跑上跑下。遠(yuǎn)處傳來(lái)教堂鐘聲的回響。貓懶洋洋的自我陶醉,老鼠見(jiàn)狀,極其靈巧的故意挑逗貓。第三樂(lè)段貓?jiān)俅螕湎蚶鲜?,這次老鼠終于被貓逮著了。美聲慢板送葬去曲,裝死的老鼠一瘸一拐的拖著殘腿悄悄的溜走了。在這部作品中作曲家運(yùn)用了自己獨(dú)特的“躍進(jìn)式”旋律,緊張不安的活躍節(jié)奏,快速的托卡塔(密集)音型、豐富的和聲運(yùn)用樸實(shí)清晰的色彩和富于廣度和深度的想象力。讓人仿佛看到貓和老鼠追逐、爭(zhēng)斗的情形。